Kullanılmaya başlandığı günden itibaren dental implantların yapısal özellikleri hızla değiştirilmiş ve geliştirilmiştir. Dental implantların yapısal özellikleri içinde yüzey modifikasyonları en çok araştırma yapılan konu olmuştur. Dental implant yüzeyi ile çene kemikleri arasındaki biyolojik bağlantı, implant destekli protezlerin uzun dönem başarısı için bir önkoşul olarak düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede dental implantların yapısal ve yüzey özelliklerindeki gelişmeleri anlatmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Pubmed veri tabanında "dental implant surfaces", "dental implant surface modifications" "dental implant design" ve "implant modifications and osseointegration" terimleri taratılmış ve konu ile doğrudan ilişkili yayınlar incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, implant tasarımlarının maksimum verim için geliştirileceği ve implant yüzeylerinin CaP ve florid gibi uzun sürede salınım yapacak osteoindüktif materyaller ile kaplanacağına inanılmaktadır. Aynı doğrultuda nanoteknolojik gelişimler ile yakın gelecekte daha iyi dental implantların üretileceği ve tanıtılacağı beklenmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler Dental implant, Ġmplant Yüzeyi, CaP, Osseointegrasyon GĠRĠġUluslararası standartizasyon kurumu (ISO) dental implantı; "mandibula ya da maksillada protetik uygulamaya destek sağlayacak, cerrahi olarak yerleştirilmiş materyal" olarak tanımlamıştır. 1 Arkeolojik bulgular; implant tarihinin eski Mısır ve Güney Amerika uygarlıklarına kadar uzandığını ABSTRACT Since dental implants have been started to use, structural properties of them have been developed and modified quickly. Among dental implant structural alterations, surface modifications have been by far the most investigated topic. The biological fixation between dental implant surfaces and jaw bones should be considered a prerequisite for the long-term success of implant-supported prostheses. The purpose of this review was to describe the developments in structural and surface properties of dental implants. To this end, the terms of "dental implant surfaces", "dental implant surface modifications", "dental implant design"and "implant modifications and osseointegration" were scanned in PubMed database and the publications directly related to our topic were examined. As a result, it is believed that implant designs will be developed for the maximum efficiency and implant surfaces will be coated with slow-release osteoinductive materials like CaP and fluoride. Likewise, it is expected that better dental implants will be produced and introduced with the development of nanotechnology in the near future

Hip arthroplasty using a cemented collarless polished tapered stem has been proven to yield excellent results in over forty years of clinical trials. Traditional implants of this design employ a double taper, in the coronal and sagittal planes, in contrast to the collarless polished cemented stem (CPCS) system, which is also tapered in the medial-lateral plane. This design has been shown to decrease cement stains in photoelastic studies. The aim of this investigation is to report early results of the CPCS system with respect to stem engagement into the cement mantle (subsidence) and proximal femoral changes following implantation. Eighty-six patients (34 males, 52 females; mean age, 68.45 years) underwent primary THA using the CPCS system between November 2000 and May 2003 at UMC Hospital in Tucson, AZ, by one orthopedic surgeon. The diagnosis for which the arthroplasty was performed was degenerative joint disease in 75 patients (87.2%), inflammatory in 5 (5.8%), avascular necrosis in 4 (4.7%), and dysplasia (DDH) in 2 (2.3%). Patients were evaluated with standardized radiographs post-op and at regular intervals. Stem subsidence was measured by the change in stem tip position relative to the stem centralizer. The mean follow-up was 19.5 months (range 12-46 mo). The CPCS stem demonstrated<1 mm subsidence in 31% of patients, 1-2 mm in 56%, and>2 mm subsidence in 13%. There was a single patient with 3 mm subsidence measured at 3 years follow-up. Proximal femoral changes were classified as no change, rounding, and resorption. Radiographs were also examined for decrease in bone density. No change was noted in 7% of patients, rounding in 69%, resorption in 28%. Resorption was minimal with the medial femoral cortex losing 1-3 mm of height with respect to the medial cement column. Decrease in bone density in the medial femoral cortex was seen in 58% of patients. Bone lysis was not seen in any patients. These findings are consistent with long-term reports on implants with dual taper designs. The CPCS system, with its triple taper design, performs in a similar fashion to dual taper stems. The addition of the 3rd taper does not appear to have any unexpected deleterious effects on implant performance in vivo.

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