Studies of population genetics in turtles have suggested that turtles do not experience genetic impacts of bottlenecks as strongly as expected. However, recent studies cast doubt on two commonly used tests implemented in the program BOTTLENECK, suggesting that these findings should be re-evaluated. The Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata (Schneider, 1792)) is endangered both globally and within Canada, but genetic data required to develop effective recovery strategies are unavailable. Here, we conducted the first study of population genetic structure in C. guttata. We then used multiple small populations of C. guttata as replicates to test whether the commonly used program BOTTLENECK could detect the genetic signature of bottlenecks in our study populations, which are all thought to have experienced significant declines in the past 2-3 generations (75 years). Turtles (n = 256) were genotyped at 11 microsatellite loci. A suite of Bayesian population genetics analyses and a principal coordinates analysis identified a minimum of 6 distinct genetic populations and a maximum of 10 differentiated subpopulations across the sampled Canadian range of C. guttata, which corresponded to demographically independent units. BOTTLENECK failed to detect population declines. A literature review found that bottleneck tests in 17 of 18 previous genetic studies of tortoises and freshwater turtles were based on suboptimal sampling, potentially confounding their results. High retention of genetic diversity (allelic richness and heterozygosity) in isolated populations of C. guttata and other turtle species is encouraging for species recovery, but conclusions about the prevalence of genetic bottlenecks in such populations should be re-examined.Résumé : Des études de la génétique des populations chez les tortues semblent indiquer que les impacts génétiques des goulots d'étranglement sur ces dernières ne sont pas aussi forts que prévu. Des études récentes jettent toutefois un doute sur deux tests répandus utilisés dans le programme BOTTLENECK, ce qui suggère que ces résultats devraient être réévalués. La tortue ponctuée (Clemmys guttata (Schneider, 1792)) est en voie de disparation à l'échelle tant planétaire que canadienne, mais les données génétiques nécessaires à l'élaboration de stratégies de rétablissement efficaces ne sont pas disponibles. Nous avons réalisé la première étude de la structure de la génétique des populations chez C. guttata. Nous avons ensuite utilisé de multiples petites populations de C. guttata comme réplicats pour vérifier si le programme d'usage courant BOTTLENECK peut déceler la signature génétique de goulots d'étranglement dans les populations à l'étude, qui auraient toutes connu des diminutions significatives au cours des deux ou trois dernières générations (75 ans). Des tortues (n = 256) ont fait l'objet d'un génotypage sur 11 microsatellites. Un ensemble d'analyses bayésiennes de la génétique des populations et une analyse en coordonnées principales a permis de cerner au moins 6 populations génétiques distinctes ...
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