Goal. To investigate the effectiveness of fungicidal control of the most common onion diseases during the growing season. Methods. Informational and analytical (collection of materials and analysis of literary sources), field research (setting up experiments, carrying out treatments and records of plant damage by diseases, monitoring the development of plants, harvesting), phytopathological (determination and identification of pathogens), mathematical and statistical (processing of results studies). Experiments were conducted on different varieties and hybrids using modern fungicides with different active substances. Results. During the years of research, onion crops were dominated by mycoses, namely, peronosporosis, alternaria, stemphylliosis, and fusarium wilt. Downy mildew and leaf spots were observed on all varieties and hybrids. The investigated fungicides most effectively controlled the development of downy mildew of onions. Their efficiency during the growing season averaged 55.1—100%, depending on the drug, the degree of disease development and the variety. The highest effectiveness against downy mildew of onions was provided by fungicides Fandango 200 ES, KE (fluoxystrobin, 100 g/l + proteoconazole, 100 g/l) at the rate of 1.25 l/ ha and Signum VG (boskalid, 267 g/ kg + pyraclostrobin, 67 g/ kg) — 1.5 kg/ ha. Fungicides were 45.8—89.1% effective against leaf spots (alternaria and stemphyllosis), 57.9—70.5% against fusarium wilt. Treatments with fungicides, due to the reduction of plant damage by diseases, contributed to the increase in onion yield by 1.3—6.9 t/ha, depending on the variety and preparation. Among the studied varieties, the highest yield was obtained on the Medusa variety (40.7 t/ha), among fungicides, the highest yield increase was provided by Fandango 200 ES, KE fungicide (1.25 l/ha). Conclusions. Fungicides effectively controlled the main mycoses of onion (peronosporosis, alternariosis, stemphyllosis and fusarium wilt) during the growing season. The effectiveness of fungicides against onion diseases was 45.8—100%, depending on the type of disease, drug and crop variety. The highest protective effect of fungicides was provided against downy mildew of onions. The yield of the researched varieties and hybrids increased by an average of 5—25% due to the reduction of plant damage by diseases. The highest technical efficiency against identified diseases and increase in onion yield was obtained by using Fandango 200 ES, KE fungicide with a consumption rate of 1.25 l/ha.

Goal. To study the influence of modern biological and chemical preparations on the development of fungi of the genus Fusariumunder conditions of artificial inoculation. Methods. The efficacy of fungicides was studied in 2018—2019 in the Zhytomyr region, Pulinsky district under the conditions of artificial inoculation on winter wheat of the Bogdan variety. Mixture of conidia of the fusarium fungi (F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, F. avenaceum) was used for ear inoculation. The plot area was 2 m2 in four replications, the plot placement was randomized. The inoculation of winter wheat ears was carried out at the phase of mass flowering. At the phase of milky-wax maturity, records were taken to determine the spread and development of the disease. The following fungicides were used to protect wheat crops: Folicur BT EC, 1.2 l/ha, Magnello 350 EC, 1.0 l/ ha, Haupsin, 0.2 l/ha, Fitodoktor, 0.05 kg/ha, Alliot 250 EC, 0.5 l/ ha, Bumper Super EC, 1.2 l/ha and mixtures of Magnello 350 EC, 0.75 l/ha + Haupsin 0.2 l/ha, Magnello350 EC, 0.75 l/ha + Fitodoktor, 0.05 kg/ha. Results. The results obtained during the years of investigationsindicate that the used preparations are efficient for the protection of crops from fusarium head blight on winter wheat. However,not all fungicides tested had high enough efficacy. The most effective against the pathogens F.graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, F. avenaceumunder conditions of Zhytomyr region were fungicides Folicur BT EC, 1.2 l/ha, Magnello 350 EC, 1.0 l/ha and mixtures of fungicide and biological preparation (Magnello 350 EC, 0.75 l/ ha + Haupsin, 0.2 l/ha). Efficacy of fungicides used against these pathogens ranged from 69.2% to 75.2%. After fungicide application the weight of 1000 grains increased by 7.3—13.6 g. Significant difference between experimental variants and untreated check on 1000 grain weight was noted. With the use of fungicides, the yield increased by 22.3—24.8%. Conclusions. The analysis of the protection against fusarium head blight convinces the need to apply chemical protection measures when weather conditions are favorable for the development of the disease. In the growing seasons of 2018—2019, under conditions of the Zhytomyr region, the most promising and effective against the pathogens F.graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, F. avenaceum were fungicides Folicur BT EC, 1.2 l/ha, Magnello 350 EC, 1.0 l/ ha and mixtures of fungicide and biological preparation Magnello 350 EC, 0.75 l/ ha + Haupsin, 0.2 l/ha.

Goal. To clarify the species composition of fungi of the genus Fusarium on winter wheat and to establish their share in this complex. Methods. Field and laboratory. Phytopathological analysis of winter wheat grain collected from industrial crops in the area of the Right-Bank Polissya of Ukraine (Zhytomyr region). During the examination of crops for fusariosis of the ear, samples (50 pieces of the affected ear) were taken with typical features. Accounting and selection were performed at the end of the phase of milk-wax ripeness. The collected material was herbariumed and labeled (indicating the variety, place of harvest, phase of plant development). In the laboratory, morphological and cultural features, forms of conidia and the presence of chlamydospores were taken into account during identification. The studies were performed on the environment of Chapek and KGA. In the absence of typical sporulation, the microculture method was used. The test material was photographed using a Nikon FX- 35 DX photoresist on a Nikon microscope. Results. In 2019—2020, 5 species and varieties of fungi of the genus Fusarium, which belong to 4 sections of the genus Fusarium, were identified on the grain of winter wheat. Two species were found from the Diskolor section — F. graminearum and F. culmorum. Section Roseum was represented by one species of F. avenaceum, section Sporotrichiella — species F. poae; section Elegans — species F. fujikuroi (according to the classification of V.Y. Bilay). On the infected grain, the dominant position was occupied by the species F. culmorum (42%). The share of colonized grain by F. avenaceum and F. poae was 24% and 21%, respectively. A small proportion were colonized by F. fujikuroi (8%) and F. graminearum (5%). Conclusion. Laboratory studies have shown that in the Right Bank Polissya of Ukraine the main causative agents of winter wheat fusariosis were species: F. sulmorum, F. avenaceum, F. poae, F. fujikuroi, F. graminearum. Among them, the dominant position was occupied by the species F. culmorum, the average frequency of isolation of which was 42%.

Goal. To determine the species composition of early blight on tomatoes and to establish the technical effectiveness of modern fungicides. Methods. The research was conducted in 2019—2020 in Cherkasy, PE «Poretsky» on tomatoes variety Zagadka. Weather conditions of the growing season favored the intensive disease development. Plot size — 10 m2 in 4 replicates, placement of plots — randomized. Agricultural techniques are common for the growing area. To determine the species composition of pathogens, during the growing season samples of plants with typical symptoms were taken. Isolation of phytopathogen in pure culture and their identification was carried out in the laboratory according to conventional methods. To determine the technical effectiveness of fungicides the following fungicides were used: Zorvek Incantia, SE (0.5 l/ ha), Orvego, KS (1.0 l/ha), Quadris 250 SC, hp (1.0 l/ha), Quadris Top 325 SC, KS (0.6 l/ha), Cabrio Duo, KE (2.5 l/ha), Signum, VG (0.3 kg/ha), Thanos 50, VG (1.0 kg/ha). Results. As a result of research, it was found that during the growing season early blight was the most common. According to our research, the disease is caused by two species of the pathogen Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. and Altrenaria solani Sorauer. We found that almost 70% of isolated and identified isolates were classified as Alternaria solani. For protecting of tomatoes against early blight following fungicides were used: Zorvek Inkantiya, CE (0,5 l/hectare), Orvego, KS (1,0 l/h), Kvadris 250 SC (1.0 l/ hectare ), Kvadris Top 325 SC (0.6 l/h), Kabrio Duo, KE (2.5 l/h), Signum, VG (0.3 kg/h), Tanos 50, VG (1.0 kg/h). Technical efficiency of them was 55.6—78.6%, and the stored harvest — 5.11—6.62 t/ha. Conclusions. As a result of researches we specified specific composition of early blight of tomatoes. It is set that disease is caused by two species: Alternaria alternata and Alternaria solani, that are different in anatomo-morphological properties. It is established that to protect tomatoes from Alternaria, it is advisable to apply the following fungicides: Kvadris 250 SC (1.0 l/h), Kvadris Top 325 SC (0.6 l/h), Kabrio Duo, KE (2.5 l/h).