Non-Melanoma skin cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer. Early detection is encouraged so as to ensure the best treatment, Hyperspectral imaging is a promising technique for non-invasive inspection of skin lesions, however, the optimal wavelengths for these purposes are yet to be conclusively determined. A visible-near infrared hyperspectral camera with an ad-hoc built platform was used for image acquisition in the present study. Robust statistical techniques were used to conclude an optimal range between 573.45 and 779.88 nm to distinguish between healthy and non-healthy skin. Wavelengths between 429.16 and 520.17 nm were additionally found to be optimal for the differentiation between cancer types.

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in all cases, indicating the difficulty in identifying these lesions clinically. In fact, there was a report of a 12-year-old with ectopic sebaceous glands on the penis, which were clinically similar to ours, but histologically, the lesions demonstrated epidermal hyperplasia rather than sebaceous gland hyperplasia. 6 Clinically, SH of the penile shaft should be differentiated from pearly penile papules, molluscum contagiosum, Bowenoid papulosis, genital warts and lichen nitidus. Pearly penile papules are arranged in rows and are usually localized at the coronal edge. In our case, the papules were irregularly distributed and not confined to the coronal edge. Bowenoid papulosis and genital warts are multiform in size and shape and grow substantially with time, whereas in our case, the papules were uniform and showed minimal change over time. The individual lesions in lichen nitidus are white, glistening and flat, which is distinct from the yellowish, dome-shaped papules of SH.Histologically, the differential diagnoses include ectopic sebaceous glands, naevus sebaceous, sebaceous adenoma and sebaceous epithelioma. Although there is no universally accepted definition of SH, Wick et al . 1 defined SH by the presence of ≥ 4 sebaceous lobules attached to an infundibulum of a pilosebaceous unit. The cells comprising the lobules are fully mature with a thin rim of basaloid cells present at the periphery. It must be distinguished from ectopic sebaceous glands, where a group of small, mature sebaceous lobules are situated around a small sebaceous duct without an attached follicle. Naevus sebaceous differs from SH by the presence of hamartomatous pilosebaceous units, papillomatous epidermal hyperplasia and frequent apocrine elements. Sebaceous adenoma and sebaceous epithelioma commonly show multilayers of undifferentiated basaloid cells in the periphery. 1 In conclusion, our case suggests that SH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with tiny papular lesions on the penis. It is important to reassure the patient that this condition is not infectious. There is no need to pursue treatment other than for cosmetic reasons. References1 Wick MR, Swanson PE, Barnhill RL. Sebaceous and pilar tumors. In: Crowson AN, Barnhill RL, eds. Textbook of Dermatopathology , 2nd edn. The McGraw-Hill, New York, 2004: 709-715. 2 Hyman AB, Brownstein MH. Tyson's 'glands'. Ectopic sebaceous glands and papillomatosis penis. Arch Dermatol 1969; 99 : 31-36. 3 Vergara G, Belinchón I, Sivestre JF, Albares MP, Pascual JC. Linear sebaceous gland hyperplasia of the penis: a case report. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003; 48 : 149-150. 4 Kumar A, Kossard S. Band-like sebaceous hyperplasia over the penis. Australas J Dermatol 1999; 40 : 47-48. 5 Carson HJ, Massa M, Reddy V. Sebaceous gland hyperplasia of the penis.

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Non-melanoma skin cancer, and basal cell carcinoma in particular, is one of the most common types of cancer. Although this type of malignancy has lower metastatic rates than other types of skin cancer, its locally destructive nature and the advantages of its timely treatment make early detection vital. The combination of multispectral imaging and artificial intelligence has arisen as a powerful tool for the detection and classification of skin cancer in a non-invasive manner. The present study uses hyperspectral images to discern between healthy and basal cell carcinoma hyperspectral signatures. Upon the combined use of convolutional neural networks, with a final support vector machine activation layer, the present study reaches up to 90% accuracy, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve being calculated at 0.9 as well. While the results are promising, future research should build upon a dataset with a larger number of patients.