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This paper addresses the coverage area and lifetime related issues arise in the building structural monitoring system. The monitoring system consists of a large number of sensor nodes for collecting structural health information. Out of many topologies, the sparse topology was extensively used in sensor network applications. The lifetime of the wireless sensor network is a fundamental issue because it determines the whole system aliveness. The objective of this article is to investigate the network lifetime and compare the computational results of different kinds of topology construction protocols to find optimum lifetime protocol for extending the monitoring system lifetime. The proposed dense network is capable of turnoff unnecessary node and provides the maximum sensing region, which prolong the network lifetime with minimum cost compare to sparse. In the proposed approach, each sensor node dynamically adjust transmission rage with keeping maximum connectivity and minimum consumption. The result shows that the dense topology would be a good choice for monitoring building structural health damage.

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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is the new invention applying for assessment the damage of the historical or high rise civil building structural health. Technical challenges affecting deployment of wireless sensor network including the range of the transmission problem, low data transmission rate of the existing SHM strategies. The most vital factor of SHM wireless sensor systems is the modulator accuracy and reliability that qualify the wireless communication system to assess large building structure health Information. The objective of this article is to provide solution to measure both reliability and accuracy of the wireless sensor network modulator. we computed M-array QAM modulator BER and compare the simulation result with theoretical to find out optimum modulation technique for transmission System with considering maximum data rate, AWGN channel and also measured modulator accuracy based on ZigBee by computing M-array modulator Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) to quantify the transmitter quality.