Relevance. The focus of modern dental treatment not only on the elimination of aesthetic, but also functional disorders requires an understanding of the functional conjugation of the chewing muscles, the possibility of interprognosis of parameters. Objective. Assess the functional relationship between the tone of the chewing muscles proper and the bioelectric activity of the temporal and sublingual muscle groups in children with anomalies of the dentoalveolar system. Materials and Methods. The study involved 36 patients of Childrens Clinical Dental Clinic No. 2 of Voronezh, aged 6 to 12 years, who had not previously received orthodontic treatment and had distal occlusion anomalies. Evaluation of the bioelectric activity of temporal and sublingual muscles was carried out using surface electromyography on the Electromyograph Dental apparatus (Taganrog, Russia), the Chewing General sample. Evaluation of the tone of the chewing muscles proper was carried out using the Mioton-3C device in a state of physiological rest of the lower jaw. Statistical processing was carried out using Microsoft Excel, version 7.0 and the statistical programs SPSS Statistics 21 and STATISTICA 7. Results and Discussion. Correlation analysis revealed the presence of 4 weak positive, 2 weak negative, 14 moderate positive, 3 moderate negative, and 1 noticeable positive correlation between the tone of the right chewing muscle proper and the parameters of the bioelectric activity of the right and left temporal and sublingual muscles. Correlation analysis revealed the presence of 5 weak positive, 7 weak negative, 9 moderate negative correlations between the tone of the left chewing muscle proper and the parameters of bioelectric activity of the right and left temporal and sublingual muscles. Conclusion. A greater effect of the tone of the right chewing muscle on the bioelectric activity of temporal and sublingual muscles was found compared to the tone of the left chewing muscle itself. 27 equations have been derived that can be used as predictive models for calculating the tone of right and left chewing muscles proper depending on the indicators of bioelectric activity of temporal and sublingual muscles.

Relevance. We have developed and patented a mobile application for monitoring and normalizing the mastication muscle functional state to solve the problems of detecting people with suspected dysfunction of the jaw muscles and increase the efficiency of muscle exercises.Purpose. To evaluate the positive effect of the mobile application to control and normalize the mastication muscle functional state in the clinical orthodontic practice.Material and methods. The study included 74 patients of Children Clinical Dental Clinic No. 2 of Voronezh, aged 6 to 12 years, who presented for a dental check-up. The masseter muscle tone was determined using the Mioton-3S device.Results. The authors’ method of self-examination does not give a systematic overestimation or underestimation of parameters (p = 0.083) compared to the standard myotonometry, which evidences its reliability and the possibility to use for preliminary examination and detection of people with suspected abnormal muscle tone. The analysis of the masseter muscles’ tone one month later revealed a statistically signifcant (p = 0.034) decrease in the number of patients with tone disorder among the mobile application users compared to the patients who did not use the application.Conclusion. The developed mobile application is efficient for preliminary assessment and detection of people with suspected abnormal muscle tone. Mobile application helps increase efficiency and awareness of muscle exercises.

Thefunctional model ofthe neuromuscular apparatus ofthe tongue, its power characteristics, and also the parameters ofendurance play an important role in the formation of the majority ofmalocclusion disorders. The aim of the study was to compare the strength parameters of tongue muscles in patients with ankyloglossia before active complex therapy and at the first stage of treatment. The study program involved a group ofpatients with ankyloglossia, which included 39 children from 7.5 to 9.3 years. The control group included 20 people of similar age. The strength parameters of the tongue were measured through the IOPI Medical system. It was established that in patients with ankyloglossia of the 1 st and 2 nd degree, the decrease in the force parameters of the muscles of the tongue responsible for vertical excursions is determined. The strength activity of the muscles - protractors of the tongue in the individuals with ankyloglossya before treatment were significantly higher in comparison with the similar parameters of the control group. Frenulotomy, combined with subsequent orthodontic therapy and miogymnastics leads to an increase in the strength activity of tongue muscles that determine vertical excursions and reach control values within 1-2 months. It is determined that the use of the game model, which increases the motivation ofpatients for complex therapy, enhances the endurance of the neuromuscular apparatus of the tongue, as well as intensifies the normalization of the functional activity of the tongue muscles.

Disorder in the work of muscles of the maxillofacial region affects the development of dental anomalies. Control of myodynamic equilibrium and coordinated chewing muscle activity is necessary during the period of active growth and development of the dental skeleton. Surface electromyography and myotonometry were carried out for 38 children before the beginning of orthodontic correction at the age of 6 to 12 years, having abnormalities of dental system. The study showed a significant number of correlations between the functional activity of the chewing muscle. Integrative connections between recorded values are found, which determines the possibility of complex application of surface electromyography and myotonometry.

Relevance. Skeletal malocclusion stands at the head of all oral diseases and is encountered in 32-35% of children and adolescents in Russia [7;12;15]. The number of malocclusions has increase due to various reasons, one of which is early extraction of deciduous carious teeth resulting in impaired vertical dimension and occlusion of teeth [1;14]. Diagnosis with due regard to caries resistance degree and planning of respective operative and orthodontic treatment are indispensable in children with skeletal malocclusion. Purpose – to increase effectiveness of functional treatment of malocclusion in children with various degree of caries resistance.Materials and methods. There were examined 108 patients aged between 6 and 16 with Class I malocclusion according to Angle, abnormal arch-to-arch relationship and tooth position and various degree of caries resistance. 4 groups were formed: high, sufficient mean, decreased mean and low caries resistance of dental enamel. Intensity of carious process was detected in all patients before and after orthodontic treatment. The effectiveness of reminerlization administered by removable orthodontic appliances was evaluated by electrometrical testing of hard dental tissue. Surface EMG was used to assess normalization of tone of maxillofacial muscles in children by average amplitude of biopotentials of superficial masseter and temporalis muscles.Results. Сhanges in caries intensity in children after treatment with removable orthodontic aligners indicate the necessity for remineralization of hard dental tissues during orthodontic treatment and it is confirmed by decrease of electroconductivity of enamel in children with sufficient mean, decreased mean and low degree of dental enamel caries resistance. Increase of biopotential mean amplitude during «total mastication» for masseter and temporal muscles confirms effectiveness of preformed elastic positioner along with myodynamic exercises.Conclusions. The conducted study proves the necessity of comprehensive approach with procedures  increasing the degree of caries resistance of hard dental tissues during orthodontic treatment of skeletal malocclusion in children.