Field experiments were conducted on clay loam soil during two successive seasons. Summer season 2017 using maize plants and winter season 2017/2018 using barley plants at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate, to evaluate the effect and residual effects of compost rates placed in moles 30 cm depth, arranged in parallel orientation with respect to one another and spaced at 3 m apart or placed on the surface soil layers besides the nitrogen fertilizer rates on improving soil physical and hydrophysical properties. Furthermore, economical analysis was done by calculating the net income for every treatment to determine the economical value. The rates of compost were 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 t fed. -1 , while the nitrogen rates were 0.0, 50, 75 and 100 % of the recommended dose for every growing crop. The experiments were conducted in split-split plot arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Results can be summarized as follows:-1-Soil penetration resistance significantly decreased with increasing the addition rates of compost and depths. 2-The soil bulk density (Db) significantly decreased under different compost rates and depths, while total soil porosity (E) and void ratio (e) took the opposite trend. 3-The settling percentage of the soil was significantly decreased with increasing of compost rates and depths, indicating a higher degree of structural stability. 4-The values of pore size distribution (large, medium and micro pores as a percent of total porosity) were significantly increased in the two growing seasons. 5-Soil hydraulic conductivity (Kh) and soil moisture content, i.e., saturation percent (SP), water field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP), available water (AW) and soil moisture content just before harvesting (θw) were significantly increased for the two seasons, with increasing the rates of compost. 6-Water consumption (Cu) was decreased and water use efficiency (WUE) was increased in all treatments of the two seasons. 7-Cost benefit analysis revealed that the most valuable treatment was adding compost (5.0 t fed. -1 ) in 30 cm mole depth with 100 % of the recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizer for each crop, since it gave the highest net income. 8-From the above results, it is more useful to use of compost filled moles with different rates and nitrogen fertilizers to markedly improve both physical and hydro physical properties under clay loam soil.

Two field experiments were conducted on clay loam soil during the two successive seasons, summer season 2013 using maize plants and winter season 2013/2014 using wheat plants at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate to evaluate the effect and residual effects of compost rates placed in 20 and 40 cm depths, arranged in parallel orientation with respect to one another and spaced at 3 m apart or placed on the surface soil layer as well as the control on improving some soil chemical properties and availability of some nutrients either macro or micro, and the productivity of yield and yield components of maize and wheat plants. Furthermore, economical analysis was done by calculating the net income and investment ratios to determine the economical treatment. The experiments were conducted in a split plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Results can be summarized as follows:(1)-All treatments slightly decreased the soil reaction (pH). Furthermore, all treatments caused progressive increases in soil salinity (EC) and total soluble salts (TSS) for the two soil depths (0-20 and 20-40cm) in the two growing seasons. Also, soluble cations and anions slightly increased with all treatments. While, SAR values were decreased compared with the control for the two soil depths in the two growing seasons.(2)-Generally the application depth and the addition rates of compost clearly enhanced the nutrient statues of the investigated soil.( 3)-Organic carbon (O.C, %) and C/N ratio were slightly increased in surface and subsurface soil layers as a result of the application depth and the addition rates of compost. (4)-All treatments led to markedly increases in the available macronutrients (N, P and K) and available micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) of the soil at the two soil depths in the two growing seasons either with mole depth or compost rates.( 5)-The yield and yield components of maize and wheat positively responded to all treatments compared with the control. The highest values of yield and its components for maize and wheat plants were obtained by the addition of 10 ton compost fed -1 in 40 cm mole depth. The highest grain yield of maize plants increased to 68.46 %, also, the highest grain and straw yields of wheat plants increased to 70.27 and 91.67 %, over the control, respectively. ( 6)-According to the economical analysis, the application of 10 ton compost fed -1 in 40 cm mole depth was the best treatment compared with the other treatments, since it gave the highest net income (12346.38 L.E fed -1 .). While, the lowest values were always incorporated with control (10 cm surface depth without any applications of compost). ( 7)-Therefore, it is more useful to use those treatments (compost rates at different depths) to get a markedly improve in both chemical properties and nutrients which reflect on higher yield incorporated with high net income, as well as to substitute a part of chemical fertilizers by using compost to minimize the pollution resulted from the int...

Two field experiments were conducted on clayey soil during the two seasons (winter 2017/2018 using wheat and summer 2018 using maize) at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate to evaluate some natural organic amendments on improving some soil chemical properties and macronutrients status (N PK) and their availability for plants. Furthermore, economical analysis was done to determine the economical treatment. The experiments were designed in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Thirteen treatments having different compost, farmyard manure and sheep manure were used to cover all possible combinations as well as control (without any addition). The results were shown in a triangle diagram using a special computer program. Results can be summarized as follows: All treatments play a positive role on reducing soil pH, soluble Na, SAR values, Ex Na and ESP and progressive increasing in soil EC, soluble cations and anions, total soluble salts, O.C, C/N ratio and significantly increases in Ex Ca, Mg, K and CEC at the two soil depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) in the two seasons compared with the control and clearly enhanced total macronutrients status of the investigated soil. Economical analysis indicate that the highest net income value (11960.06LE Fed-1) was incorporated with combination consists of 50% C and 50% Sh. Therefore, it is more useful to use those treatments (compost, FYM and sheep manure) and their combination to get a markedly improve in both chemical properties and macronutrients, which reflect on plants growth incorporated with high net revenue.

Two field experiments were conducted on clay loam soil during the two successive seasons, summer season 2017 using maize plants and winter season 2017/2018 using barley plants at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate to evaluate the direct and residual effects of compost rates mixed with the surface soil layer to 10 cm or added in 30 cm mole depth, arranged in parallel orientation with respect to one another and spaced at 3 m apart besides the nitrogen fertilizer rates on improving some soil chemical properties. Furthermore economical analysis was done by calculating the net income for every treatment to determine the economical treatment. The rates of compost were 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 Ton fed-1, while the nitrogen rates were 0.0, 50, 75 and 100 % of the recommended dose for every growing crop. The experiments were conducted in a split-split plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. All treatments slightly decreased the soil reaction (pH) in the two growing seasons. Soil salinity (EC), soluble cations and anions and total soluble salts (TSS) significantly increased by increasing nitrogen or compost rates and significantly decreased by increasing application depth. On the other hand, SAR values were significantly decreased with all treatments. All treatments led to significant increases in Ex. Ca, Mg, K and cation exchange capacity (CEC), whereas Ex. Na and ESP were significantly decreased with all treatments in the two seasons. All treatments clearly enhanced total nutrients (N. P and K) of the investigated soil. Also, Organic carbon (O.C, %) and C/N ratio were significantly increased with all treatments. According to the economical analysis, the application of 5 ton compost fed-1 in 30 cm mole depth with 100 % the recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizer for every crop was the best treatment compared with the other treatments and get a markedly improve in chemical properties which reflect on higher yield, since it gave the highest net income (16809.80 L.E fed-1).