The entomopthogenic bacterium , Pseudomonas fluorescens, was used alone as soil treatment and foliar application or mixed with entomopthogenic fungus , Beauveria bassiana for controlling the two spotted spider mite , Tetranychus urticae infesting Cucumber plants comparing with a standard synthetic acaricide ortus. P. fluorescens great effect as soil treatment and foliar spraying, recording reduction percentage of 75.21%. and no significant differences (df =6; P =<0.01) with the reduction caused by the acaricide used and this shows the importance of the role of biopesticides in reducing the population of T. urticae infesting Cucumber Plants. There was significant effect on the lipase activities by all treatments, while the activity of chitinase shows that its activity increased at a high rate in all the treatments except ortus treatment compared with control. The acaricide, ortus had strong effect on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) where the activity of this enzyme decreased significantly (df =5; P =<0.01) to the extent of inhibition. While, the activity of this enzyme increased in the other treatments, where the activity reached nearly the control. The treatments which caused high reduction percentage gave high yield amount. There were nonsignificant differences in yield amount in treatment with (ortus), and (soil and foliar application of P. fluorescens), that indicates the important role of P. fluorescens in IPM against mite.

This study was conducted to identify the susceptible stages of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis to the entomopathogens fungus, Metarhizum anisopliae and bacterium, Pseudomonas aeuriginosa. The mortality percentages recorded after treatment of the 2 nd and 4 th instar larvae of S. littoralis with concentration 1×10 8 spore/ml of M. anisopliae were 84.28 and 75.71% after 5 days of treatment. While, LT50 were 0.81 and 1.93 days for 2 nd and 4 th instar larvae of S. littoralis, respectively. P. aeruginosa concentration 2.3× 10 8 spore/ml caused mortality 81.42 and 60% and LT50 3.87 and 4.51 days for 2 nd and 4 th instar larvae of S. littoralis, respectively. Pupae of S. littoralis were susceptible for both entomopathogens agents. Moreover adults emergence percentage decreased. Combined treatment of pesticides with P. aeruginosa and M. anisopliae proved best action causing higher mortality percentages for larvae compared with using pesticides alone.

Biological characters and life table parameters of Amblyseius gossipi Elbadry were determined at three different kind of food. Duration of immature stages of A. gossipi were nearly similar when fed on different diets. Development % was significantly affected by the kind food where it was highly 90% when predatory mite fed on the animal prey, Tetranychus urticae Koch followed by its feeding on date palm pollens, 76% and Maize pollen, 72%.Longevity and fecundity of A.gossipi when feed on different food Date palm pollens and Maize pollens were successful alternative diet compared with live prey, T. urticae.Net reproductive rate (R o ) differed according to different food, these values averaged 21.54, 15.33 and 6.32 times for T. urticae, Date palm pollens and Maize pollens. The intrinsic rate of increase (r m ) was .31, 0.14 and 0.10 individual/♀/dayfor the above same order. The mean generation time (T) was decreased on Maize pollen.The daily rate of T. urticae consumption increased with increasing prey density to a maximum average of about 5.31 / individual/day at prey density of 15 / leaf disc compared with10 and 5 / leaf disc. The effect of temperatures on life cycle, developmental rate and survival immature % of A. gossipi fed on T. urticae was significant. Longevity was the longest at 25ºC compared with 20 and 30ºC where these values were 28.72 and 36.80 days for male and female, respectively. Female of A. gossipi laid 48.18 eggs at 30ºC, 35.88 eggs at 25ºC and 24.60 eggs at 20ºC. Temperature had significant differences with prey consumed where, A. gossipi consumed high number of prey when fed on T. urticae at 30ºC for male and female. The mean generation time (T) was decreased when the temperature increased, the net reproductive rate (R o ) value were 8.21, 16.36 and 23.15 times for 20, 25 and 30ºC respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (r m ) were 0.11, 0.13 and 0.23 individual/♀/day for the above same order.

This study was to develop a suitable artificial diet for mass rearing the economically important phytoseiid predator, Amblyseius swirskii which considered one of the most effective phytoseiid species used in agricultural systems for the control of spider mites. The basic artificial diet (AD) was composed of honey, glucose, milk, yeast and fresh egg yolk. This diet was enriched as (AD1) by adding hemolymph from mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori. Predators fed on Tetranychus urticae and AD1 had shorter immature and pre-oviposition periods than those fed on the other diets. The total number of deposited eggs was significantly higher for females fed on AD1 than those maintained on the other diets. There weren't significant differences between T. urticae and bee bread in the total number of deposited eggs and longevity. This indicates that rearing A. swirskii on bee bread was successful. Therefore this artificial diet can serve as a potentially useful food source for the long-term maintenance of A. swirskii populations.

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