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Effective use of salt affected soils needs the development of the most efficient and suitable reclamation technology to optimize farm management and better crop yields. Different chemical methods and amendments are used to reclaim the salt affected soils, and after reclamation such soils may be used for sustainable agricultural production. Choice of a chemical amendment depends on its availability, cost, handling and time of application. A field experiment was conducted for two successive winter seasons 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 at Sahl El-Hossinia Agric. Res. Station, El-SharkiaGovernorate, Egypt, to evaluate two tillage methods (surface and subsurface) and three soil amendments (elemental sulphur "S", gypsum "Gy", compost "Co", compost + sulphur, compost + gypsum, gypsum + sulphur and compost + sulphur + gypsum) on some soil properties and wheat yield. The studied treatments were arranged within the experimental units in a split plot design in three replicates. Statistical analysis of grains and straw yield data showed that all the added amendments significantly increased the grains and straw yield of wheat compared with control. The addition of Gy+Co+S was the most effective addition in increasing the grains and straw yield in surface and subsurface tillage. Also, it is clear that grains and straw yields of wheat in the treatments of subsurface tillage were slightly higher than those in the treatments of surface tillage. Data showed that all applications of soil amendments under different tillage methods decreased soil pH and EC, but there is an increase in the values of organic matter and cation exchange capacity. This effect is more obvious in case of applying Gy+Co+S. Subsurface tillage associated by high values of O.M (%) and CEC (c.mole) than surface tillage. Soil OM (%) and CEC (c.mol/kg) were significantly increased as a result of added amendments. Data showed that values of total dry stable aggregates (DSA) and water stable aggregates (WSA) were increased in all treatments under study compared to control. The highest increase in values of total stable aggregates (DSA and WSA) was observed in the treatment of Gy+Co+S with subsurface tillage method compared to the treatments of surface tillage method and control. The highest values of hydraulic conductivity, total porosity, field capacity and available water were found by applying Gy+Co+S treatment in subsurface tillage method compared to control and other treatments of surface and subsurface tillage. The values of soil bulk density at different soil depths of all treatments were relatively low and the maximum decrease exists in case of the treatment Gy+Co+S with subsurface tillage method compared to other treatments and control. Generally, it can be concluded that gypsum, sulphur and compost application had decreased the hazardous effect of salinity of soil and hence exerted favorable effects on growth and yield of wheat. Subsurface tillage method improved soil chemical and physical properties which are reflected on growth and grain yield of wheat compare...

A field experiment was carried out at Khaled Ibn El-waleed village, Sahl El-Hussinia, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during two summer seasons 2019 and 2020 to study the effect of NPK nanofertilizers, biofertilizers and humic acid combined with or without mineral fertilizers different at rates on some soil physical properties and soybean productivity and quality under saline soil conditions. The treatments consisted of: NPK-chitosan, NPK-Ca, humic acid, biofertilzer and control (mineral NPK only). In both seasons, the experiment was carried out in a split plot design with three replicates. The results indicated a significant increase in the soybean yield parameters as compared to control. There was also a significant increase in dry and water stable aggregates in all treatments as compared to control. The treatment NPK-Chitosan was the best in improving dry and stable aggregates. Also, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity values were significantly increased in all treatments due to increase in soil aggregation and porosity that led to increase in values of hydraulic conductivity. Values of bulk density were decreased, the lowest values of bulk density were found in NPK-chitosan treatment as a result of the high concentration of organic matter resulted from NPK-chitosan is much lighter in weight than the mineral fraction in soils. Accordingly, the increase in the organic fraction decreases the total weight and bulk density of the soil. Concerning soil moisture constants, all treatments significantly increased field capacity and available water compared to control. This increase was due to improvement of the soil aggregates and pores spaces which allowed the free movement of water within the soil thereby, increasing the moisture content at field capacity.

This study was carried out during 2014 & 2015 seasons on Washington navel orange trees 20-years-old, in research orchard situated at Baramoun, Mansoura region, Dakahlia governorate. Aiming to evaluate the effect of different weed control methods and their relationship to the growth, yield and fruit quality of Washington navel orange trees. Four weed control methods were tested, control, hand resistance, mechanical hoeing and three herbicides (Herphosate, Sting, Roal). The obtained results indicated that all used treatments significantly increased shoot length, number of leaves, leaf surface area and yield (kg) /tree, ton/feddan. The highest values of fruit weight and the lowest value of acidity % were found under chemical weed control (Roal), where, rind thickness, TSS% and vitamin C were not affected by any type of herbicides used. Also, chemical weed control (Roal) was increased leaf chemical composition (N, P, K, Fe, Zn and Mn). In addition, chemical herbicides (Roal) was the lowest costs in this respect.

This work aims to study the effect of contaminated soil remediation on some soil properties. Also a remediation experiment was conducted to show the useful effect of two remedies named Triton x-100 and potassium oleate in decreasing the hydrocarbons (aliphatic and aromatic) and heavy metals contents in crude oil contaminated soil samples. Two soils (sandy and calcareous) were contaminated by 1 , 2 and 3 % V/W of crude oil, then each contamination level was treated by 0 (untreated) , 1 and 3 % of the two used remedies. Pots were seeded with barley seeds, barley plant samples were collected at the end of the experiment. The total concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plant samples and soil under study were estimated. Also, the concentration of hydrocarbons and heavy metals were measured. It can be deduced from the data obtained from this study that the total contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were significantly affected by contamination by crude oil. Application of Triton x-100 and potassium oleate decreased to high extents the concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons as well as the heavy metals. For example, the use of Triton x-100 reduced the concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons by percents reached to 54 % as compared to the non-remedied samples. On the other hand, the concentration of heavy metals as Nickel also decreased by about 55 %, which confirms the efficiency of the used remedies. Also, application of these remedies had increased the total contents of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the treated samples than those in untreated ones. The application of organic remediation of contaminated soils led to limited increase on EC and pH values this result confirms the importance of these organic remedies to reduce the harmful effects on the properties of remedied soil.