Although separate collection systems for portable batteries (PBs) have been installed years ago, high amounts of batteries still do not enter the collection systems of the member states of the European Union (EU). In Austria, the collection rate has recently dropped to the EU target value of 45%. For the purposes of this study, a comprehensive survey was conducted to identify the destinations of the other end-of-life batteries. A literature survey and an assessment of different waste streams (WSs) were followed by sampling and sorting campaigns for highly relevant WSs (residual waste, lightweight packaging waste, metal packaging waste, and small waste electrical and electronic equipment). The results underwent material flow analysis, showing that more than 800 metric tonnes of portable batteries are misplaced into non-battery-specific collection systems, 718 metric tonnes of them entering residual waste collection. Considerable amounts of batteries are stockpiled, stored or hoarded in Austrian households. Lithium-based batteries, representing a serious risk of fire to the waste industry and making up for 30% of the marketed amount, are still scarcely arriving in waste management systems.

Increasing occurrences of waste fires that are caused by improperly discarded lithium-based portable batteries threaten the whole waste management sector in numerous countries. Studies showed that high quantities of these batteries have been found in several municipal solid waste streams in recent years in Austria. This article reveals the main influence factors on the risk of lithium-based batteries in their end-of-life and it focuses on the quantification of damages to portable batteries during waste treatment processes. Hazards are identified and analysed and potential risks in waste management systems are comprehensively assessed. In two scenarios, the results showed that the potential risks are too high to maintain a sustainable form of waste management. According to the assessment, a small fire in a collection vehicle is located in the risk graph’s yellow region (as low as reasonably practicable, ALARP), while a fully developed fire in a treatment plant has to be classified as an unacceptable risk (red region of risk graph). Finally, basic recommendations for action were made.

A major purpose of the Techni cal Information Center is to provide the broadest dissemination possi ble of information contained in DOE's Research and Development Reports to business, industry, the academic community, and federal, state and local governments.Although a small portion of this report is not reproducible, it is being made available to expedite the availability of information on the research discussed herein. • Performing characterization surveys of r>ated facilities/sites.• Conducting ongoing security anO surveillance programs.• Performing preventive maintenaiv* actbas io ensure containment of radioactivity while await ing permanent facility disposition• Assessing environmental and engimennjpaspects of propose! remedial action alternatives.• Drafting detailed remedial action rt-ojed plans and procedure.• Performing remedial action; io make facitities/sitet available for restricted or unrestricted use.This bibliography of 6S7 references is the i^irth in a series to be prepared by RAPIC. Volumes 1, 2, and 3, wMch were published in 1980. 1981, and 1982, respectively, had the same title and same subject coverage. Subsequent volume*, incorporating newly identified items of rele vance, will be issued on an ar?.iK»V_f .sis. The contents of this publication are stored in a couipuicr-rctrisvsb!? data file which u; iergoes periodic updating. It is-preferred that researchers f use these published bibliographies as their "first tine" reference tool; however, the data \..c can be iccessed through RAPIC i>r more vurrent literature listings or for a comprehensive subject search of the entire data base. vii CONTENTS OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHY

We gratefully acknovledge the assistance of Janis Pruett and the staff of the Toxicology Information Response Center in the collection of source documents for the data base. Janet Scott, of the Computer Services Group, was responsible for the computer production of the document. Both of these groups are part of the Information Center Complex, Information Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For his support and valuable advice, the U.S. Environmental Pro tection Agency project officer expresses special thanks to Dr. Herman F. Kraybill, the National Cancer Institute coproject officer and the chair person of the Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental Carcino genesis (ICGEC). In addition, thanks are due the members of the ICCEC Task ^roup on Chemicals in Human Tissues. This data file is a companion to Chemicals Identified in Hunan Bio logical Media, A Data Base, and follows basically the same format. The data base on human body burden is in its third year of publication. This is the first annual report for the feral and food animal file. Data were obtained primarily from the open literature through manual searches (retrospective to 1979) of the journals listed in Appendix A. The data base now contains information on 60 diffewut substances. Chemicals are listed by Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers and preferred names in Appendix B. For the user's convenience, cross-referenced chemical lists of CAS preferred and common names are provided in Appendix C. The animals, tissues, and body fluids found to be contaminated by these chemicals are listed in Appendix D. The data base is published annually in tabular format with indices and chemical listings that allow specific searching. A limited number of custom computer searches of the data base are available In special cases when the published format does not allow for retrieval of needed information. It should be emphasized that the purpose of the data base Is to provide a centralized resource of animal residue data-and in no way is intended to obviate the need for the user to ultimately refer to the original literature or data source. It is not the Intent of this program to conduct any screening or evalratlon of the data. This data base was established under the aegis of the Interagency Collaborative Croup on Environmental Carcinogenesis (ICGEC), National Cancer Institute. Funding is through the National Cancer Institute-Environmental Protection Agency Collaborative Program. The work is 1 2 being done by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Chemical Effects Information Center, Information Center Complex, through interagency agreements involving the National Cancer Institute, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Department of Energy. Members of the ICGEC Task Group on Chemicals in Human Tissues provide support to the program's activities. Agencies represented by members of the task group Include the

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