Populations of Aswan governorate in Egypt have been studied with respect to blood, serum and enzyme groups as well as some other anthropological characters. One hemoglobin variant (Hb Khartoum) was detected in the Nubians. The ABO gene frequencies were: r = 0.66, p = 0.18 and q = 0.14 in Aswanese; r = 0.67, p = 0.22 and q = 0.10 in Nubians; RhD factor was positive in all Aswanese and Bisharins and negative in 1.4% of the Nubians; G-6-PD deficiency was 1.4% in Aswan city, 2% in Nubia and absent in Bisharins; Gd^A was 2% in Aswanese and 4% in Nubians; PGD^C in Aswanese was 6% and was absent in Nubians; all persons were AK_1· Acid phosphatase variants in Aswan city were: P^a 0.0976, P^b 0.8658, P^c 0.0244 and P^r 0.0122; in Nubia: P^a 0.1290, P^b 0.8387, P^c absent and P^r 0.0323; Hp¹ in Aswan city was 0.4300 and in Nubia 0.4000. The adult Nubians are characterized by a rounded head and a broad nose while the Bisharins differ from them in possessing a dolichocephalic head and narrower nose.