Objective: To determine the reliability and validity of Persian version of "BEARS" (B=Bedtime Issues, E= Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, A=Night Awakenings, R=Regularity and Duration of Sleep, S=Snoring) pediatric sleep questionnaire. Setting: Two primary care pediatric clinics in Tehran, IRAN Methods: In the first step BEARS sleep questionnaire filled and in a 2 to 4 week period BEARS completed again (by another questioner) and all of the subjects visited by sleep specialists for diagnosis of sleep problem. To determine test-retest reliability findings of BEARS compared during the time and between different questioners. To determine criteria validity, findings of BEARS compared with experts' diagnosis. Results: A total of 215 children (2-12 years old) were studied. From these 101 were in preschool age group (2-6 years old) and 114 in primary school age group (7-12 years old). All of the BEARS items in preschool age group and most of the items in school aged group had good to excellent test-retest reliability (P<0.05). Approximate to half of items in both age groups were valid (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the use of BEARS (a simple brief screening tool for pediatric sleep problems) is a reliable and relatively valid sleep screening tool in children especially in Persian language.

Background and Objectives: Sleep is a complex biological process. Early insomnia is one of the most common problems among young people. This study aims to investigate the sleep-wake pattern of adolescents in Makran region of Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran Methods: In this descriptive study, 530 high school students in Makran region of Sistan Baluchestan province (three main cities of Saravan, Iranshahr, Chabahar) in the academic year 2019-2021 were selected by a multi-stage sampling method. They completed a demographic form and the morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ). Data were analyzed in SPSS softwareو version 21 software using independent t-test and ANOVA. Results: The students had moderate circadian rhythm, but sleep preferences were reported in these students mostly among boys. The preferred pattern of students in Iranshahr, Saravan and Chabahar cities was the sleep preference. The wake preference, sleep preference, and peak performance preference of students in Iranshahr were lower than in Saravan and Chabahar cities. Conclusion: The sleep-wake pattern of adolescent students in Makran region of Sistan Baluchestan province is at a moderate level, and all students prefer the sleep pattern over other patterns. It is recommended that the circadian rhythms of these students should be investigated and the necessary measures should be taken to inform their parents and adjust the school and home schedule so that the students have better sleep.

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