Phenolic compounds were applied in a sausage formulation as a substitute for artificial sodium erythorbate used as antioxidant. Five assays were prepared in which sodium erythorbate control at 0.05 g/100 g was replaced with a hydrosoluble mixture containing caffeic acid + carnosic acid (47% + 53%) and a liposoluble mixture containing quercetin + rutin (67% + 33%) in two final concentrations (0.05 g/100 g and 0.08 g/100 g). Physico-chemical, color, texture, and sensory parameters were measured on the first day and after 45 days of storage at 4 °C. All phenolic compound mixtures were able to maintain oxidative stability in the sausages when measured by the malondialdehyde concentration, which was expressed as TBARS. The mixture containing quercetin + rutin at 0.05 g/100 g showed lower malondialdehyde formation after 45 days of storage, and no sensory differences from the sausage adopted as control.
Pectin can be used as a natural emulsifier in food formulations. In this study, textured soybean protein (TSP), used as an emulsifier in commercial sausages, was partially replaced by a mixture containing pectin and isolated soybean proteins, which were either extruded (EXT) or not extruded (MIX), and the chemical and sensory characteristics of samples were evaluated after 60 days of storage at 4 °C. Responses such as oxidation measured by PV and TBARS, hardness, color, pH and sensory characteristics were compared with those of a commercial sausage (CON). The mixture containing highly methyl-esterified pectin, textured soybean proteins and isolated soybean proteins, as emulsifier agent, reduced the hardness (EXT: 21.69±0.98 and MIX: 20.17 ±2.76 N) and the pH (EXT: 5.46±0.03 and MIX: 5.29±0.01) of the samples and increased the concentration of peroxides (EXT: 0.10±0.01 and MIX: 0.15 ±0.01 meq/kg) when compared with samples formulated only with TSP (28.57 ± 2.54 N, pH of 6.92±0.04 and PV = 0.07 ± 0.01 meq/ kg). These effects were likely caused by the anionic character of the emulsifier. However, no sensory difference was observed between the sausages containing highly methyl-esterified pectin, textured soybean proteins and isolated soybean proteins submitted to the extrusion process (EXT) and the control sausages, suggesting that the formulation proposed in this study can be a potential alternative for the further development of sausages that have functional properties or are free of artificial additives.
Three varieties of beans, mulatinho and macassar (Phaseolus vulgaris) and azuki (Vigna angularis), were analysed for their proximate composition, energetic value, and aminoacids content. The beans had an average protein and carbohydrates content of 22 and 57%, respectively. The lipids were presented with the smallest concentration in macassar (1.11%) and the highest in azuki (1.83%). The azuki bean presented the highest concentration (40.06%) of crude fiber, whereas mulatinho presented the lowest (2.63%). The three varieties presented 3.38% ash content on as average. The caloric value of these three varieties was 330 Kcal/100 g on an average. Amino acids profiles of the two varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris were similar except for their smaller methionine content and were comparable to the FAO reference protein, whereas Vigna angularis was deficient in valine and leucine. On the basis of these results, it was observed that the flours of macassar and mulatinho beans contributed with the highest nutritional value and therefore, we suggest that these varieties are adequate for use as a protein supplement in the diet. © 2000 Altaga. All rights reserved.Keywords: Beans, aminoacid profile, nutritional composition. ResumenTres variedades de alubias, mulatinho y macassar (Phaseolus vulgaris) y azuki (Vigna angularis), fueron analizadas en cuanto a sus macronutrientes, valor energético y contenido en aminoácidos. Las tres variedades de alubias poseen una composición media de proteína del orden del 22% y carbohidratos del 57%. Los lípidos se encontraron en una menor concentración en la variedad macassar (1,11%), y en mayor concentración en la variedad azuki (1,83%). El tipo azuki también presentó mayor contenido en fibra bruta (4,06%), mientras el mulatinho presentó un menor contenido (2,63%). Las cenizas presentaron un valor medio de un 3,38% para las tres variedades. El valor calórico medio para las tres variedades fue de 330 kcal/100 g. Los perfiles de aminoácidos de las dos variedades de Phaseolus vulgaris son similares y comparables a la proteína de referencia de la FAO, pero con bajo contenido en metionina, mientras Vigna angularis es también deficiente en valina y leucina. De los resultados obtenidos, se observó que las harinas integrales de las variedades macassar y mulatinho son las que poseen mayor valor nutricional, considerándose que son las más adecuadas para su utilización en dietas de complementación proteica. © 2000 Altaga. Todos los derechos reservados.Palabras clave: Alubias, perfil de aminoácidos, composición nutricional. ResumoTres variedades de fabas, mulatinho e macassar (Phaseolus vulgaris) e azuki (Vigna angularis), foron analizadas en canto ós seus macronutrintes, valor enerxético e contido en aminoácidos. As tres variedades de fabas teñen unha composición media de proteína do orde do 22% e carbohidratos do 57%. Os lípidos encontraron-se unha menor concentración na variedade macassar (1,11%), e en maior concentración na variedade azuki (1,83%). O tipo azuki tamén presentóu maior contido en f...
RESUMO -A queima de combustíveis fósseis ainda é a principal fonte de energia mundial. Substituir ou minimizar o uso desses recursos não renováveis consiste em uma crescente necessidade. Neste contexto, a produção de biodiesel utilizando como matéria-prima óleo residual, um poluente de solos e fontes de água, consiste em uma alternativa promissora. Pois, supriria a demanda energética, sem a produção de poluentes atmosféricos e ainda descartaria de forma adequada esse resíduo. O principal processo de produção de biodiesel, consiste basicamente na reação de transesterificação, na qual, um triglicerídeo presente no óleo reage com álcool primário, resultando em glicerina e biodiesel. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar quatro parâmetros de processo: temperatura (°C), tempo reacional, concentração do catalisador e a proporção de óleo e álcool, objetivando um maior rendimento em biodiesel. Foi utilizado como matéria-prima o óleo de soja residual oriundo da planta piloto BIOSUL, da Escola de Química e Alimentos da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Foi possível a produção de biodiesel com o uso dessa matéria-prima, sendo a melhor condição, com um rendimento de 71,77%, quando a temperatura foi de 60 °C, com 90 min de processo, adicionando 2 % de catalisador (KOH) e uma proporção de 1:12 de óleo e etanol. INTRODUÇÃOA exploração dos recursos naturais em particular os não renováveis, tendo como maior exemplo a produção de combustíveis à base de petróleo e seus derivados, vem cada vez mais despertando o interesse de empresários e pesquisadores na busca de alternativas, que amenizem seus custos e malefícios a natureza. Da mesma forma, diariamente pelos mais diversos setores produtivos são descartados inadequadamente inúmeros poluentes atmosféricos, aquáticos e terrestres agravando cada vez mais as condições ambientais do planeta. Neste contexto, utilizar um resíduo poluente do solo e lençóis freáticos como o óleo de fritura, para a obtenção de biodiesel, consiste em um alternativa altamente promissora.A produção de biodiesel ocorre principalmente pelo processo de transesterificação. Os triglicerídios presentes no óleo reagem com álcool primário formando glicerina e biodiesel, pode-se utilizar catalisadores básicos ou ácidos, catálise heterogênea, enzimática entre outros. Vale salientar que a matéria-prima para produção deste biocombustível, consiste em um dos principais fatores para a otimização do processo de produção, porém a temperatura de reação,
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