What makes managers of firms to pay bribes? What factors influence it? We analyze factors affecting managerial decisions to pay bribes in order to understand why some firms pay bribes, while others do not. The conceptual framework of our study is based on the analysis of several approaches presented in the previous research papers. We combine those approaches, dividing corruption into two different types and building separate models for each of these types. After that, we test those models along with an overall corruption model on data from "EBRD-World bank Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey" (BEEPS) to decide if the separation is necessary. We find that treating corruption as a heterogeneous phenomenon is not preferable, but further research of the problem is needed, because the models built are rather insufficient and require an adjustment.

One of the most important factors for increasing innovation activity in the region is human capital, which contributes to the formation and realization of the innovation potential of business structures and the economy as a whole. The need to improve human capital is realized at the upper levels of government in Russia and measures are being taken that contribute to creating conditions and providing a favorable environment for its development. The hypothesis of this study was the thesis that innovative activity in the region depends on the human capital that this region possesses. The article analyzed the level of influence of various factors characterizing human capital on the results of regional innovation activities using the method of correlation and regression analysis. As an information base for the study, data from the Federal State Statistics Service for 2017 in 86 regions of the Russian Federation on indicators of innovation activity and human capital indicators were taken. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the indicators of innovation activity in the region depend on the quality of human capital, the average employment rate has the most significant effect, and the creation of new jobs will positively affect the innovation activity. 1. Introduction