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The preparation of CuInSe 2 thin films by electrodeposition is studied. The effect of sodium citrate (Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 ) as complexing agent on the electrodeposition of pure copper, indium, selenium and of their ternary alloy is emphasized. Cathodic shifts of the copper and selenium electrodeposition potentials with increasing citrate concentration are observed. On the contrary, the presence of citrate in the electrolyte does not change the indium electrodeposition potential but improves its crystallinity. The surface morphology and the composition of the deposited films are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The texture of the deposits and their compositions are analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The formation of CuInSe 2 films with a chalcopyrite structure and good stoichiometry is observed.

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films have been deposited using a SILAR (Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction) technique, which is based on the alternate dipping of substrate in the solution and distilled water. The thin films were grown on copper, silicon and glass substrates. The precursors for ZnO films were diluted aqueous solution ZnSO4 complexed with NH3. The films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, XPS spectroscopy and spectrophotometer. XRD measurement showed that the films were crystallized in the wurtzite phase type with preferred orientation (002). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to monitor changes in oxidation state of ZnO thin films. The XPS peaks of the O1s, Zn2p3/2 and Zn2p1/2 were used for studding the ZnO film. The results of influence of different parameters of SILAR method on phase structure, surface morphology, and optical properties are studied and discussed.