Plasmonic Pd–ZnO nano photocatalysts synthesized via a green chemistry approach represent an innovation of visible‐light‐induced photocatalysis that can be applied for photobiogas production from organic dye pollutants. Different plasmonic Pd–ZnO nanophotocatalysts have been synthesized via green microwave‐assisted methods using orange peel extract as a capping agent by adding different proportions (3, 5, and 7 wt%) from Pd‐metal plasmons. This fast and green innovative method anchored well distribution of Pd‐metal plasmons (2‐5 nm) on the surface of ZnO (17–27 nm). XRD has investigated the nanostructures' crystallographic, morphological, and optical characteristics, XPS, TEM, UV–Vis DRS, and as.BET surface area analysis. A higher surface area data have been achieved by incorporating Pd plasmons from 9.2 m2 g−1 in pure ZnO to 16.9 m2 g−1 in 7% Pd–ZnO. The analysis of XPS spectra shows an increase of the lattice oxygen (OL) from 62.36% to 65.08%, suggesting an increase in the number of oxygen vacancies on the surface of the Pd–ZnO plasmonic photocatalysts that leads to enhancing its photocatalytic performance. UV–Vis optical spectra of the different Pd–ZnO photocatalysts reveal the visible light absorption capability due to the localized surface plasmonic resonance effect (LSPR). The photocatalytic activity of the obtained Pd–ZnO nanomaterials has been tested on the photobiogas production during the photocatalytic destruction of Reactive Yellow 15 (R.Y.) in two prototype photobiogas reactors, cylindrical UV reactor and a pilot‐scale CPC solar reactor, under nitrogen atmosphere. A higher yield of biogas (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) gases have been achieved by the effect of Pd plasmons on the ZnO photocatalyst.

A mechanistic schematic diagram of the occurred reactions in the photoreaction; the Pd–TiO2 plasmonic photocatalysts demonstrate promising dual functional materials generation of helpful fuel gases from the destruction of organic matter.

It is of critical importance in case of oilfield produced water (PW) treatment designing what the composition of constituents of target water and how the degradation should be observed as efficiently as possible. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and other pollutants, such as heavy metals, and dissolved/suspended solids are generally occurring in PW. This study presents the hybrid system to stimulate the suitable conditions withhigh flow rate electrocoagulationbiodegradation ofPW.The efficiency of a bioelectrocoagualtion (BEC)system for the continuous removal of TPH and sulfur compounds from PW has many problems. Treatment conditions were changed to overcome the formation of hydrogen sulfide as a reduced form of sulfate. This study observed the results of lab scale hybrid system setup with electrocoagulation and biodegradation. The initial removal rate of TPH was partially enhanced at detention time, current densities and electrolytes modifications and the same trend for sulfide formation rate.Collectively, the results of this study confirmed that sulfate converted to sulfide taking place within the electrochemical zone. The maximum TPH, sulfate and COD removal efficiency was achieved 75%, 25.3% and 22.3, respectively when the detention time was about 5L/hour. Also, the results indicated that the flow rate is very important to keep the balance between current density and more TPH removalof high saline water in the hybrid system.