The article demonstrates how the variability of water content in technosols affects the temporal dynamics of terrestrial invertebrates and finds the properties of species response curves to soil water content. The hypothesis that the effects of soil moisture on terrestrial invertebrate populations and communities depend both directly on soil water content and on other environmental factors and spatial and temporal variables was tested. It has been shown that in order to determine the real values of the optimum and tolerance of species, it is necessary to first extract the influence of other factors on their response. The study was conducted at the research center of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University (Pokrovsk, Ukraine). To study the spatial and temporal variability of abundance, species richness and species composition of invertebrate communities at the experimental site, animals were collected using Barber traps. The range of moisture available to plants, precipitation, wind speed, air temperature (daily minimum, daily maximum, mean daily temperature), atmospheric humidity, and atmospheric pressure were used as environmental predictors of the invertebrate ecological niche. Two-dimensional geographic coordinates of sampling points were used to create a set of orthogonal spatial variables based on eigenvectors. Each of the vectors represents a paternoster of a certain scale within the sampling area. Similarly, only a one-dimensional series of dates during which sampling was conducted was used to create a set of temporal variables based on eigenvectors. Each of the vectors represents a paternoster of a certain scale within the time period under study. Spatial and temporal variables are used as spatial and temporal predictors of species recall. 257437 invertebrates (Arthropoda and Mollusca) were collected from 6 classes, 13 series, 50 families, and 202 species or parata xonomic units. The distribution of moisture content indicators available to plants, weighted by animal abundance, is polymodal and can be represented as a mixture of three normal distributions. Fractionation of community variability in relation to meteorological data, spatial and temporal predictors, and type of technozem was performed based on two ordination methods (CCA and RDA). The fractionation of community variation based on the CCA-procedure indicates the grea test role of complex factors that result from the interaction of temporal and spatial predictors as well as temporal, spatial and meteorological factors. The results based on the RDA-procedure also indicate a significant role in the interaction of meteorological and temporal factors. These results indicate the need to isolate the role of soil moisture factor interaction with other factors to assess the effect of soil moisture on invertebrate community dynamics.

The paper identifies regularities of temporary dynamics of the communities of juvenile fish communities in different types of reservoirs of the Dnipro-Orylskiy” Nature Reserve during 1997–2015 and assesses the role of the Reserve as a factor of fish population reproduction within the water area, which is exposed to a significant anthropogenic impact. During the research period, we have identified representatives of 38 fish species. The main trends in the dynamics of synecological characteristics of the juvenile fish communities are explained by the influence of three sources of variation: controlled discharge of the Dnieper River as a result of the creation of a dam cascade, eutrophication, and the reserve regime. The first two sources of influence are negative, while the creation of a protective regime in the Reserve is a positive factor. Eutrophication in the direction of its influence coincides with the negative effects of regulated discharge and significantly enhances them. The creation of a reservoir and regulation of the Dnieper River flow manifests itself differently in different types of reservoirs in the Reserve depending on their typological characteristics. The influence of the eutrophication factor may also manifest itself differently in different types of lake systems. The results we have obtained indicate that for the studied system of reservoirs in general, there is no tendency to change the number of fish communities and this indicator is stationary over time. For the channel part of the Dnieper River and its immediate vicinity, the Orel River mouth has established a trend of increasing the number of fish fry communities, while in other types of reservoirs there is no stable trend, except for reservoirs of Obukhovskie floodplain, where the number of juvenile fish communities has been constantly decreasing. In terms of biomass, there is also an upward trend in these water bodies as well as in the water bodies of the Taromsk ledge. An increase in the number and biomass of communities is accompanied by an increase in the number of species and diversity in Shannon. We explain the decrease in the number of fry communities in the Obukhov floodplain by intensive eutrophication processes, which are most active in these very reservoirs. We attribute the greatest activation of eutrophication processes to the construction of the Orel Canal in the Obukhov floodplain reservoir system. This artificial reservoir drains the lakes of the Obukhovskaya system, eventually contributing to the accumulation of organic matter and the development of oxygen deficiency phenomena in them. In the event of flooding, which is generally less likely due to the regulated flow of the Dnieper River, a fixed level in the Obukhov floodplain is maintained due to the close proximity of the Orel Canal. Water exchange and the associated evacuation of excess organics from the lakes are significantly limited. Stagnation and constant accumulation of organic remains create unfavorable conditions for life and development of young fish. As prospects for further studies, we plan to carry out geobotanical descriptions of aquatic macrophyte communities for phytoindication of ecological regimes of living conditions of fish population in water bodies.

У роботі встановлені закономірності фенології нересту срібного карася Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) від температури води в умовах природного заповідника «Дніпровсько-Орільський». Матеріали, що склали основу роботи, були зібрані на акваторії заповідника в 1997-2018 рр. Відомості про нерест риб зібрано у чотирьох локаціях: водойми системи Миколаївського уступу, водойми системи р. Проточ та Обухівська заплава, річищна частина Дніпра, водойми системи Таромського уступу. Вимірювання температури води проводили у момент фіксації початку нересту відповідного виду риб у водоймі. Вимірювання температури води проводили о 12-13 годині дня. Дані вимірювання температури води зіставили з відомостями про середньодобову температуру повітря за даними метеостанції (м. Дніпро). Між температурою повітря і температурою води існують залежності, які мають свої особливості у залежності від типу водойми. Ці залежності описані логістичним рівнянням. Нерест Carassius gibelio в 95 % випадків відбувається на 113-139 добу кожного року (в середньому це відбувається на 125 добу). Нерест Carassius gibelio в 95% випадків починається при температурі 11,5-15 5 ºС. Цей показник схильний до нелінійного тренду в часі з локальним мінімумом в період у 2008-2010 рр. Нелінійний характер змін у часі протягом періоду досліджень як температури початку нересту так і кумулятивної температури протягом нересту вказує на те, що ймовірний вплив глобального потепління клімату не є найголовнішим фактором динаміки фенології нересту карася срібного. У якості перспектив досліджень слід розглядати необхідність з'ясувати вплив на події нересту динаміки температур та опадів за більш широкий діапазон часу-у межах від часу попереднього нересту до кінця нересту в поточному році. Ключові слова: нерест, карась срібний, температура, фенологія, глобальне потепління УДК 574(470.4-751.1)(082) ________________________ * Науковий керівник-доктор біол. наук, проф. Кунах О. М.