No abstract

The study analyses the natural resource curse through the component of public expenditure policy, namely productive and unproductive expenditures, as plausible channels transmitting the resource curse in West Africa. The study examines which channel is the most prominent transmitter among public expenditure, Dutch disease, rent-seeking, and political institutions. A dynamic panel was adopted for the 1998-2018 period using Feasible Generalised Least Squares (FGLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) estimation techniques. The results confirmed the resource curse hypothesis in West Africa via productive expenditure and rent-seeking behaviour as the only relevant transmission channels. Moreover, productive expenditure interacting with natural resource rents mitigates the resource curse and can reverse it under a certain threshold. On the other hand, unproductive expenditure through government consumption expenditure exacerbates the resource curse. The findings suggest that appropriate productive expenditure policy measures in terms of fixed capital formation, and a diligent fight against corruption can overturn the resource curse over time.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nasosinus mucoceles are expansive pseudocystic formations of the sinuses of the face formed by chronic retention of mucus in a sinus cavity due to ostial obstruction.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a descriptive study of retrospective data collection. It was carried out over ten years (from 01 January 2008 to 01 January 2018) at the otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery department of the Donka University Hospital.   </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> We found an incidence of 1.3 cases per year. The average age was 39.77 years with extremes of 10 years and 60 years. The sex ratio was 0.6. Headaches (92.3%) and facial swelling (76.9%) were the main reasons for consultation. The ethmoid-frontal form was predominant (53.8%). CT scan of the sinuses was performed in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging was not performed. The diagnosis of certainty was made by anatomy pathology (100%). The paralateral nasal route was the main approach (46.2%). The simple postoperative follow-ups were simple (100%). Lethality was zero.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We noted a low incidence of naso-sinus mucoceles in our series. The symptomatology was fairly standard. Imagery and anatomy pathology established the diagnosis. However, endonasal surgery has become essential in the management. Simple postoperative follow-up would be related to the experience of the surgeon, the severity of the lesions and the proper conduct of post-operative care.</p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cholesteatoma of the middle ear remains a dangerous chronic otitis that can potentially lead to serious complications. The treatment remains exclusively surgical. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiology and anatomical functional results of surgery for middle ear cholesteatoma.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a cross-sectional study of retrospective data collection over 5 years (from 01 January 2016 to 30 December 2020) and conducted at the ENT and head and neck surgery department of Donka University Hospital.   </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> We collected 50 cases of cholesteatoma. The prevalence was 1.33%. The mean age was 33.58±18.07 years. The sex ratio was 0.92. Purulent otorrhea (96%) and hearing loss (84%) were the main symptoms. We noted 56% pocket retraction and 36% tympanic perforation. Conductive hearing loss accounted for 76% of cases. The CT scan of the rocks noted 69.89% of filling associated with the lysis of the walls of the middle ear. Masto-atticotomy associated with tympanoplasty was performed in 78.89% of cases. Encapsulated cholesteatoma was the most frequent (66%). The epitympanum was its elective seat (44%). The ossicular chain was lysed in 76%. The incus was the most affected ossicle (66%). Ossiculoplasty was performed in 66%. The postoperative course was simple (74%). Medium and long-term follow-up revealed normal anatomical restoration of the neo-tympanum in 94%. Hearing improvement was noted in all our patients with an average hearing gain of 10-30 dB in 52%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The treatment was exclusively surgical. However, we obtained largely satisfactory anatomical and functional results.</p>

In this retrospective study, conducted over 7 years (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) at the ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department of the Donka National Hospital, we report 2 cases of cervicofacial cystic lymphangiomas. They were a 28-monthold girl and a 2-year-old boy. The symptomatology was noted after their birth. Dyspnea and dysphagia were found in the boy. They had a satisfactory general condition. ENT examination noted a cystic-like tumor syndrome. Imaging showed evidence of a cystic lymphangioma of the cervicofacial region. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. All patients underwent exeresis cervicotomy. We found adhesion of the lymphangioma cyst to the internal jugular vein in the children. The boy presented a paralysis of the chin branch of the facial nerve after the surgery. We did not find any tumor recurrence. However, cystic cervicofacial lymphangiomas are a particular aspect of surgical pathology in children in Africa. In spite of the advent of sclerosing products, surgery remains for us the treatment of choice.