Subchondral bone changes seem to contribute to the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). The study aimed to analyze subchondral bone microstructure in specimens of late-stage knee OA in respect to articular cartilage damage, meniscus integrity and knee joint alignment. Methods and Materials: 30 proximal tibiae of 30 patients (20 female and 10 male) with late-stage OA retrieved during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were scanned using a high-resolution Micro-Computed Tomography (μCT). The scans were semi-automatically segmented into five volumes of interest (VOIs). The VOIs were than further analyzed using commercially available software. The degree of articular cartilage damage was assessed semi-quantitatively by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before surgery. Results: The mean bone fraction volume (BV/TV) in all weight bearing locations was significantly higher compared to