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The focus of this entry is the historical evolution of criminal justice practices in the American South, much of it predicated by its legacy of slavery. Amongst the important developments that made the South's criminal justice system distinct from that of the rest of America were the creation of slave patrols, the slow development of the correctional system, and a punitive punishment regime that has consistently led the nation in terms of the number of executions.

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This article examines the process of crime and punishment on the American frontier beginning with the transplantation of English common law in the seventeenth century and covering the evolution of criminal justice practices as pioneers pushed American boundaries further west over the next 200 years. What becomes clear is that a variety of practices developed depending on the types of crime and disorder faced on each frontier, both geographically and temporally.