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Hesperetin (HET), a naturally occurring plant bioflavonoid present in citrus fruits, possesses potential anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities but poor aqueous solubility limits its applications. To improve its applicability in cancer therapy, hesperetin was encapsulated in Eudragit R E (EE) 100 nanoparticles in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a stabilizer and its anticancer efficacy in oral carcinoma (KB) cells was studied. Hesperetin-loaded nanoparticles (HETNPs) were prepared by nanoprecipitation method and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results thus displayed that the prepared nanoparticles showed a particle size in the range from 55 to 180 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of hesperetin was 83.4% obtained by UV spectroscopy. The in vitro release kinetics of hesperetin under physiological condition show initial rapid release followed by slow and sustained release. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed higher cytotoxic efficacy of HETNPs than native hesperetin in KB cells. Further, it has been found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA damage and apoptotic indices in HETNPs treated cells are greater than those in native hesperetin treatment. Hence these findings demonstrate that HETNPs could be a potentially useful drug delivery system to produce better hesperetin therapeutics of cancers.

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In biomedical applications, Cu 2 O nanoparticles are of great interest. The bioengineered route is ecofriendly for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Therefore, in the present study, there is an attempt to synthesis of Cu 2 O nanoparticles using Datura metel L. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, and FT-IR. UV-Vis results suggest the presence of hyoscyamine, atropine in Datura metel L, and also, nanoparticles formation has been con rmed by the presence of absorption peak at 790 nm. The average crystallite size (19.56 nm) obtained by XRD. Further, the various functional groups have been con rmed through FT-IR. To highlight the peak of the dominant frequencies, Fourier Power Spectrum was also used to analyze the synthesized nanomaterials spectrum results. Density functional theory (DFT) further also used over a period of time to measure the energy of the substance, which seems to suggest a stable compound. Furthermore, the calculated energies, thermodynamic characteristics (such as enthalpies, entropies, Gibbs-free energies), modeled structures of complexes, crystals, and clusters, and predicted yields, rates, and regio-and stereospeci city of reactions were in good agreement with the experimental ones. Overall, the ndings indicate the successful synthesis of Cu 2 O nanoparticles using Datura metel L.correlates with theoretical study.

Fluorescence spectroscopic techniques have the potential to assess the metabolic changes during disease development and evaluation of treatment response in a non-invasive and label-free manner. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of mulberry-mediated gold nanoparticles (MAuNPs) in comparison with mulberry leaf extract alone (MLE) for monitoring endogenous fluorophores and to quantify the metabolic changes associated with mitochondrial redox states during streptozotocin-induced diabetic liver tissues using fluorescence spectroscopy. Two mitochondrial metabolic coenzymes, reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are autofluorescent and are important optical biomarkers to estimate the redox state of a cell. Significant differences in the autofluorescence spectral signatures between the control and the experimental diabetic animals have been noticed under the excitation wavelength at 320 nm with emission ranging from 350-550 nm. A direct correlation between the progression of diabetes and the levels of collagen and optical redox ratio was observed. The results revealed that a significant increase in the emission of collagen in diabetic liver tissues as compared with the control liver tissues. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the optical redox ratio (FAD/(FAD + NADH)) observed in diabetic control liver tissues, which indicates an increased oxidative stress compared to the liver tissues of control rats. Further, the extent of increased oxidative stress was confirmed by the reduced levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in diabetic liver tissues. On a comparative basis, treatment with MAuNPs was found to be more effective than MLE for reducing the progression of diabetes and improving the optical redox ratio to a near normal range in streptozotocin-induced diabetic liver tissues. Furthermore, principal component Laser Physics Letters