Abstract:Background: Rehabilitation programs are comprehensive interventions which effectively improve the health status and reduce costs in chronic respiratory illnesses. Because patients with cystic fibrosis have been discouraged to participate for concerns of microbial cross infection, the efficacy of systematic rehabilitation is unknown for this group. Methods:We retrospectively studied 142 cystic fibrosis patients aged 2-46 years who participated in rehabilitation programs taking place in Germany/Switzerland and in Israel, focusing on changes in lung function and weight.Results: During 172 stays in 97 patients in Israel and 68 stays in 45 patients rehabilitating in Germany/Switzerland, overall lung function and weight improved. Outcome did not differ between Israel and German/Swiss sites. Interestingly, lung function improved during the initial phase of the stay, whereas weight gain was sustained throughout. The study uncovered gaps in reporting sufficient individual outcome information back to the admitting centre.Conclusions: Rehabilitation programs specified for cystic fibrosis patients need to be assessed prospectively to optimize treatment of this life limiting condition.