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River basins are key components of water supply grids. River basin operators must handle a complex set of objectives including runoff storage, flood control, supply for consumptive use, hydroelectric power generation, silting management, and maintenance of river basin ecology. At present, operators rely on a combination of simulation and optimization tools to help them make operational decisions. The complexity associated with this approach makes it suitable for long term planning but not daily or hourly operation. The consequence is that between longerterm optimized operation points, river basins are largely operated in open loop. This leads to operational inefficiencies most notably wasted water and poor ecological outcomes. This paper proposes a systematic approach using optimal control based on simple low order models for the real-time operation of entire river basin networks.

This paper presents an eddy-current-based technique for imaging the solidification of molten metal inside a metal pipe. This technique is motivated by the fact that the ac (alternating current) impedance seen from a solenoid placed outside the pipe is dependent on the distribution of the solidification inside the pipe provided that the ac frequency is properly chosen and the overall thickness of the pipe and solidification is small. This paper first establishes a simplified mathematical model based on the fundamental electromagnetic theory, which reveals the exact relationship between the solidification inside the pipe and the scattered field outside the pipe. Based on this model, an iterative algorithm for reconstructing the solidification distribution is then developed.

This paper presents an eddy-current-based technique for imaging the solidification of molten metal inside a metal pipe. This technique is motivated by the fact that the ac (alternating current) impedance seen from a solenoid placed outside the pipe is dependent on the distribution of the solidification inside the pipe provided that the ac frequency is properly chosen and the overall thickness of the pipe and solidification is small. This paper first establishes a simplified mathematical model based on the fundamental electromagnetic theory, which reveals the exact relationship between the solidification inside the pipe and the scattered field outside the pipe. Based on this model, an iterative algorithm for reconstructing the solidification distribution is then developed.

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