Introduction: Operating room nurses (ORN) are exposed to various hazards in operating rooms (ORs) which can affect their health. Aim of work: To identify potential occupational hazards in the OR , to assess the risk of adverse health effects among (ORN) related to these hazards and to recommend prevention and control measures to protect them .Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study targeted all nurses staff working in ORs in Benha University Hospitals, Qualubeyia Governorate, Egypt. Data were collected using an interview questionnaire included demographic data and occupational history with special emphasis on occupational hazards in ORs based on the International Hazard Datasheet on Operating room nurse. Data on attitude towards OR hazards and their impacts on ORN were also obtained Their mean age was. Results: The study recruited 167 female nurses. 32.77±8.42 years old. More than 90% were acquainted with the concept of OR occupational hazards. Eighty four percent of the studied nurses reported that they were adversely affected by OR occupational hazards. The risk of exposure was high for radiation, blood borne diseases and contracting nosocomial diseases. The risk was significant for exposure to anesthetic drugs and gases, latex allergy and muscle pain due to awkward body positions.Conclusion: The complex structure of operating rooms lead to increased occupational hazards which affect operating room nurses' health.