Se realizó un análisis para determinar los principales componentes químicos de la madera de tres cabezas de vigas de pino procedentes del área de archivo del edificio histórico conocido como La Mitra, de la ciudad de Morelia, en Michoacán, México. Este análisis es complementario a uno previamente realizado, por medio de ultrasonido y con fines de conservación y restauración de estructuras de carácter histórico. Las vigas que aquí se analizaron forman parte del grupo que se estudió en esa primera fase; seleccionadas de forma aleatoria de un grupo de 40 y con dimensiones de 25 cm × 17 cm × 60 cm. Se tomaron muestras de albura y de duramen en dos secciones distintas (zona de empotramiento deteriorada y sana). Para cada viga se determinaron valores de pH, cenizas, análisis de las cenizas, sustancias extraíbles, holocelulosa y lignina. Los resultados encontrados fueron: pH de 3.20 a 4.67, cenizas 0.25% a 1.36%, con mayor concentración de oxígeno (3.36% a 6.64%), calcio (1.80% a 3.46%), carbono (1.18% a 3.45%), potasio (0.20% a 0.84%), aluminio (0.17 % a 0.31%), silicio (0.15% a 0.59%) y magnesio (0.15% a 0.56%); solubilidad en sosa de (9.83% a 27.78%), extraíbles totales, en la extracción secuencial, la mayor solubilidad se obtuvo con acetona, (2.92% a 6.96%), seguido de agua caliente (0.25% a 7.49%), metanol (2.03% a 6.22%) y ciclohexano (0.98% a 2.66%); holocelulosa (68.22% a 84.01%) y lignina (24.19% a 31.83%). El pH, la solubilidad en sosa, la holocelulosa y la lignina presentaron una variación estadística significativa (P < 0,05) entre albura y duramen de las zonas sanas y deterioradas.
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the ceiling framework of the capitular hall of the Cathedral of Morelia, the overall state of the beams of the ceiling framework of the capitular hall of the Cathedral of Morelia was diagnosed as deplorable, for which a replacement was put underway for more recently sawed beams. The focus of this investigation was to determine the humidity content of the wood, its density, the wave velocity, the dynamic modulus and the quality factor of a sample of five new beams. These parameters were compared to the medium of five old beams. For the density, wave velocity, dynamic modulus and rigidness, there were no differences found between the old and new beams. The results suggest that the mechanical and physical properties of the new wood beams are equivalent to those of the older ones. Consequently, the strategy of substituting old and deteriorated wood beams for recently sawed ones was successful and complies with the requirements of the International Council of Monuments and Sites as referred to in the principles for the preservation of historical wooden structures.</p>
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