The article presents materials reflecting the results of calculations by the finite element method on a computer (according to a special program) of the thermal state of the cellular fragment of the reinforced concrete support block LSP taking into account the influence of seasonal and decadal outdoor temperatures, as well as the effect of changes in the thermal characteristics of the backfill soil on the thermal state of the ice-resistant stationary platform. This made it possible for the first time to evaluate the joint work of a thin reinforced concrete frame and a massive body of backfill soil under temperature effects. In the case of the operation of the cellular structure without the backfill soil, seasonal and ten-day temperature fluctuations create a more unfavourable temperature regime in comparison with the cellular structure with the backfill soil. In the absence of backfill soil, negative temperatures penetrate most deeply into the thickness of the structure. The presented data can also serve as the basis for a preliminary assessment of the thermal state of LSP in the form of a fully cellular reinforced concrete structure and in the future to determine its thermally stressed state. Only considering the combined effect of ice, wave and temperature loads can we really evaluate the operation of such a complex structure in terms of its reliability and safety.

This work is devoted to studying the behavior of silos as cellular structures during their work on static and temperature effects. The paper presents the characteristic differences in the operation of metal and concrete silos, identifies their advantages and disadvantages, and considers the conditions of their work connected with the difficulty of storing “living” material backfill. The reasons for the destruction of metal silos are given. The work also evaluated the effect of surface tension of the moisture in the backfill at natural humidity and a backfill humidity higher than honest. The nature of the backfill behavior is shown depending on its moisture content. Information is given on the temperature distribution in the silo type cellular structure for seasonal and ten-day fluctuations in outdoor temperatures. It is proposed to consider the influence of these parameters in further research and design of cellular structures, including silos. It is also recommended to use the data given in the development of regulatory materials.

In the 1950s, the construction of hydropower facilities began in the regions of Siberia and the Far East, characterized by harsh climatic conditions, which should be taking into account to predict the stress state of dams. The aim of the study is an assessment of the conditions for the formation of temperature cracks in concrete dams and their influence on the further operation of the structure, as well as measures and technologies to combat cracking in massive concrete. Thermal stresses often exceed the stresses caused by the action of external loads and lead to the appearance of cracks in the concrete. Almost all modern concrete dams are subject to thermal cracking today. Appropriate design and technological measures must be provided for. When studying the thermally stressed state of lightweight concrete dams, the method of direct reproduction of thermal deformations on models made of brittle materials and computational methods oriented towards computer methods of solving problems are used. The results of modeling and computational studies of massive buttress dams are presented and the influence of the main influencing factors is considered, taking into account the effect of cracking on the operation of such dams.

One of the main tasks arising when installing a floating hydroelectric power unit on a foundation without preliminary excavation is a thorough justification of the shear stability and bearing capacity of the "floating hydroelectric power unit - foundation" system on a complex geological massif. Failure to take into account these factors can lead to serious consequences during the landing of the structure in the target and further operation. It should be emphasized that this problem still includes a number of difficulties and does not always allow obtaining exact solutions in a volumetric setting. Based on the selection of a wide range of model materials, bases of various capacities were modelled for four models. In this case, the shear real characteristics of alluvial soils and their change after reinforcing cementation were taken into account. The studies were carried out on 4 models under static loads with bringing them to destruction. The models reproduced the real geological conditions at the base of the block, simulated deformation, and shear characteristics. Indicator diagrams of displacements, damage patterns, and generalized safety factors for bearing capacity were obtained. Model tests have shown that reinforcing cementation reduces not only the values of horizontal and vertical displacements of structures but also leads to a significant increase in the safety factor.

Controlling the moisture level is especially important when irrigating various crops to obtain a resistant, stable harvest and save water resources. Over moistening of the soil adversely affects the soil structure and can lead to salinization, waterlogging, and acidification. In addition, the formation of surface water runoff from the fields causes depletion of nutrients, oxygen starvation, and, ultimately, soil degradation. The degradation of fields (areas of the field) leads to the withdrawal of the field from crop rotation (exploitation), a reduction in acreage, the need for agrotechnical measures, reclamation, and, as a result, high financial costs. Currently applied irrigation technologies lead to the withdrawal of up to 50% of irrigated land. Therefore, the technology of differentiated irrigation with constant control over the condition of the soil and plants will help eliminate these negative consequences while increasing the yield and reducing the consumption of water, electricity, and labor costs. For the implementation of this technology, sensors are needed to control the moisture and temperature of the soil at different depths and perform operational control of the water supply to the field. The implementation of a constant connection between the field and the plant with the water supply system will allow creating digital irrigation map and forming of a database about the irrigated field underlying the information and created advisory system. The system for the continuous monitoring of soil moisture and temperature at different depths is based on IT technology with data transmission via radio communication channels. It uses platforms for data transmission via such communication channels as LoRaWAN (highly economical wireless communication interface from ICBCom), GSM (Groupe Spécial Mobile - the global standard for digital mobile cellular communication), and the Internet.