RÉSUMÉProblématique : Le paludisme demeure un problème majeur de santé publique dans les pays intertropicaux. La situation socio-économique des pays d'endémie palustre couplée au développement de la résistance des souches de Plasmodium falciparum aux molécules couramment utilisées exigent la mise au point de nouveaux médicaments antipaludiques. Objectif : L'activité antiplasmodiale d'extraits éthanoliques dégraissés de six plantes issues de la pharmacopée traditionnelle du Niger a été évaluée et comparée à celle d'Artemisia annua. Méthodologie et résultats : La méthode utilisée est celle du test Mark III de l'OMS avec la souche chloroquinorésistante W2. L'activité antiplasmodiale a été discutée à la lumière du profil phytochimique des différentes plantes, déterminé par les méthodes standards de screening chimique. Ximenia americana (IC50 = 0.05µg/ml) et Prosopis africana (CI50 = 0.5µg/ml) présentent une excellente activité antiplasmodiale. Leur activité est meilleure que celle de la plante de référence : Artemisia annua (CI50 = 0.74µg/ml). Par contre Chrozophora brocchiana a une activité modérée (IC50 = 8.2µg/ml). Polycarpaea eriantha et Detarium microcarpum ont une activité faible (CI50 =18.4µg/ml et 31µg/ml). Quant à l'extrait de Saba senegalensis, il n'a montré aucune activité antiplasmodiale. Conclusion et perspectives : L'utilisation traditionnelle de Ximenia americana et Prosopis africana est justifiée. Un fractionnement bioguidé de ces extraits permettra d'identifier la/les principe(s) actif(s). D'autre part, la conception de médicaments traditionnels améliorés à base de ces plantes pourrait être envisagée. Les extraits de Chrozophora brocchiana, Polycarpaea eriantha et Detarium microcarpum sont moins actifs que la plante de référence. Enfin, Saba senegalensis n'a manifesté aucune activité antiplasmodiale. ABSTRACT Justification: Malaria remains a major public health problem in the tropical countries. The socio-economic situation of malaria-endemic countries coupled with the development of resistance strains of Plasmodium falciparum to commonly used molecules requires the development of new antimalarial drugs. Objective: The antiplasmodial activity of ethanol extracts of six plants of the traditional medicine of Niger was evaluated and compared with that of Artemisia annua. Methodology and results: the MarkIII test of WHO with W2 chloroquin-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum was used. The antiplasmodial activity was discussed in light of the phytochemical profile of different plants, chemical screening determined by standard methods. Ximenia Americana and Prosopis africana's extracts have excellent antiplasmodial activity, with respectively IC50 of 0.05 and 0.5µg/ml. These activities are better than Artemisia annua activity (IC50 = 0.74µg/ml) used as reference. However, a moderate activity was found for Chrozophora brocchiana (8.2µg/ml), a weak activity for Polycarpaea eriantha and Detarium microcarpum (18.4µg/ml and 31µg/ml), and no activity for Saba senegalensis's extract. Conclusion and applicat...

The current work was done Artemisia herba-alba and Artemisia compestris essential oils harvested from the Eastern Algerian Sahara, their insecticidal characteristics against the eggs and adults of the date moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae. Indeed, two treatment modes were used; by contact application on eggs and by inhalation against adults. It appears from the results that the hatch rates were less than the hatching rate recorded in the control (96% ±00.00). The hatching rate reported on eggs treated by the highest dose (160 μl/ml) of Artemisia herba-alba and Artemisia compestris essential oils are 16.66 ± 08.81 and 37.77 ± 13.47 respectively. Statistical treatment results by the Chi-square test (χ2), attest that the treatment by A. herba-alba and Artemisia compestris essential oils at the same dose (160 μl/ml) affect significantly (χ2 = 35.62, p = 0.00 and χ2 = 21.17, p = 0.00 respectively) the hatching rate compared to the control. The sensitivity of adults to essential oils is expressed by 100% mortality rates obtained after 10 min of treatment by the highest doses (80 μl/ml and 160 μl/ml) of A. herba-alba essential oils, the same mortality rates (100%) were notified with the same doses (80 μl/ml and 160 μl/ml) after 20 min and 15 min of treatment by Artemisia compestris essential oils respectively. The dose-dependent mortality data revealed that there was a significant difference between the five doses of A. herba-alba essential oil tested except at the last treatment time (20 min) for which it was appeared p = 0.571, while for A. compestris essential oil, a significant difference was recorded with p varying between 0.00 and 0.003. The lowest LD50 value (0.09 μl/ml and 16.71 μl/ml) were noted during the longest treatment time (20 min), while the highest LD50 value (75.85 μl/ml and 263.7 μl/ml) were found during the shortest time (5 min) of A. herba-alba and A. compestris respectively. J. Bio-Sci. 29(2): 09-17, 2021 (December)