No abstract
S ummary: A re-evaluation of alcohol as an intravenous anaesthetic provided an opportunity of studying the changes in venous blood, urine, and breath levels under controlled conditions. Twelve volunteer patients were given 0.8 g./kg. in 8% w/v solution over four to six minutes. Despite standardization of technique there was a great variation in the peak urinary concentration and also some variation in the time at which urinary level exceeded that of blood, but this latter always occurred within 30 minutes of infusion. From one hour after infusion there was a constant mean rate of decline of both venous and urinary concentrations. While urinary/venous blood ratios varied greatly they remained fairly constant in each individual patient. The average ratio (1.35) was similar to that of other published papers. With a modification of gearing (58:1 to 67:1) the standard Ethanographe gave good correlation of breath with venous blood concentrations at low levels when patients were able to operate the machine themselves. At high levels, however, with a two-minute period of rebreathing in the unconscious patient, the correlation was poor.
SUMMARYA re‐evaluation of alcohol as an intravenous anaesthetic for minor gynaecological surgery in fit patients revealed an unacceptably high incidence of undesirable sequelae. These were analysed in detail in the hope that the findings may be of sociological value. They also allowed a study of the interaction af various drugs which could be given as premedication with alcohol.Induction consisted of the very rapid infusion of up to 550 ml (44 g) 8 per cent (w/v) alcohol over 3–6 minutes with small doses of methohexitone when required. Anaesthesia was continued with nitrous oxide‐oxygen.Emergence delirium occurred more frequently when a barbiturate was given in addition to the alcohol. It was rapidly controlled by small doses (10‐20 mg) of diazepam given intravenously. Promethazine 50 mg and pentobarbitone 100‐200 mg are the only two premedicants which will safely reduce this incidence. The benzodiazepines were disappointing in this respect.A study of five sequelae considered to be important features of ‘hangover’ showed that, as expected, these were more frequent and more severe after alcohol than after methohexitone. The severity increased with the dose of alcohol given. Headache was particularly troublesome but excessive thirst only followed very large dosage. Vitamins did not reduce hangover, but it was less severe after premedication with 50 mg chlordiazepoxide (Librium).Uneventful alcohol anaesthesia results in some degree of amnesia for events immediately before induction. This was increased by all depressant premedicants except promethazine. Even though patients appeared to be fully awake, their memory for events one hour after return of consciousness was markedly impaired when alcohol was given and to a lesser degree after methohexitone.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEine Wiederbewertung von Alkohol als i.v. Narkoseagens für kleine gynäkologische Eingriffe bei gesunden Frauen ergab einen unannehmbar hohen Prozentsatz unerwünschter Nachwirkungen. Diese wurden in der Hoffnung, dass die Befunde von soziologischem Wert sein könnten, einer Detailanalyse unterzogen. Gleichzeitig ergab sich die Möglichkeit, die Wechselwirkung von Medikamenten, die zur Praemedikation gegeben wurden, mit Alkohol zu untersuchen.Die Einleitung erfolgte mittels sehr rascher Infusion von bis zu 550 ml (44 g) einer 8%igen Alkohollösung innerhalb von 3‐6 Minuten, zusammen mit kleinen Dosen von Methohexiton, falls erforderlich. Die Narkose wurde mit Stickoxydul und Sauerstoff fortgesetzt.Ein Aufwach‐Delirium kam häufiger vor, wenn ein Barbiturat zusätzlich zum Alkohol gegeben worden war. Es konnte mit kleinen Dosen (10‐20 mg) von Diazepam rasch unter Kontrolle gebracht werden. Promethazin (50 mg) und Pentobarbiton (100‐200 mg) waren die zwei einzigen Praemedikationsmittel, welche die Deliriumsfrequenz mit Sicherheit herabsetzten. Die Benzodiazepine waren in dieser Hinsicht eher enttäuschend.Die Untersuchung von 5 Folgen, die als wichtige Symptome des “Katers” angesehen werden, zeigte erwartungsgemäss, dass diese häufiger und schwerer nach Alkohol als nach Methohexiton waren. Kopfschmerz war besonders unangenehm, übermässiger Durst trat hingegen nur nach hohen Dosen auf. Vitamine verminderten die “Kater”‐Symptome nicht, Praemedikation mit 50 mg Chlordiazepoxyd (Librium) minderten sie jedoch.Unkomplizierte Alkoholanaesthesie führt zu einem gewissen Grad von Amnesie für Ereignisse unmittelbar vor der Einleitung. Alle dämpfenden Praemedikantien, mit Ausnahme von Promethazin, verstärkten diese Tendenz. Auch wenn die Patienten schon völlig wach erschienen, war ihr Erinnerungs‐vermögen für Ereignisse während der ersten Stunde ihres Wiedererwachens merklich vermindert, wenn Alkohol gegeben worden war, in etwas geringerem Masse nach Methohexiton.
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