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The phenology of the Mediterranean vine mealybug popula tion in the vineyards of southern Israel was found to be characterized by a peak, occurring between mid-May and mid-June, followed by a sharp drop during July. A second, smaller peak occurs between October and December. During winter the mealybugs remain beneath the bark of the trunk at a very low population level. The primary parasites, all of the anagyrine Encyrtidae, were (in descending order of abundance): Anagyrus pselldococci, Leptomastix jlavus, Clausenil1 joseji, Pauridia peregrina. and Leptomastidea abnormis. The hyperparasites were Aehrysopophagus aegyptil1eus (Encyrtidae) and Pacllyneuron rieulum (Pteromalidae). Tetrastychus sp. (Eulophidae) and Thysanus sp. (Signiphoridae), very rare parasites, remained unclassified. Hyperaspis spp. and Seymnus spp. (CoccineUidae) are mealybug predators. They were sometimes parasitized by Homa/oty/us quaylei (Encyrtidae). The phenology of the entoJilophagous insects is described.

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