The study of the formation, characterization, and functionality of isolated surface hydrides on solid materials is a formidable task because of the complexity of solid surfaces and the difficulty of analyzing structures in solids. Herein, we found the formation of indium (In) hydride species supported by CHA zeolites. The In hydrides were formed by treatment of an In-exchanged CHA zeolite (In-CHA) with H 2 at high temperatures (>773 K). In situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that an [InH 2 ] + ion on a framework anionic site is a plausible structure. In-CHA exhibited high selectivity and durable catalytic activity for the nonoxidative dehydrogenation of ethane for at least 90 h. Kinetic and in situ spectroscopic studies as well as transition state (TS) calculations suggested that [InH 2 ] + ions serve as catalytically active sites for selective dehydrogenation using In-CHA.

A continuous supply of O(2) is important for itaconic acid production in Aspergillus terreus. Any interruption of aeration significantly reduces itaconic acid production. To overcome this effect, A. terreus M8 was transformed with the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene (vgb) which, as shown by Southern hybridization, was integrated into the recipient chromosome. The activity of the expressed hemoglobin was confirmed by a CO-difference spectrum. During itaconic acid production, the effect of a break in aeration during cultivation in the transformant with the vgb gene is alleviated. Additionally, the transformant shows improved itaconic acid production.

The photon-sensing abilities of SnO(2) nanowires have been investigated before and after surface fluorination by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The electrical conductance and photon-sensing abilities of SnO(2) nanowires were remarkably improved by an effective doping of fluorine into the surface of the nanowires. These results demonstrated that the fluorinated SnO(2) nanowires have potential applications as UV photodetectors with high photon-sensing properties. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI:10.1149/1.3223984] All rights reserved

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