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Hot water and cellulase hydrolysis extraction methods were used to obtain soluble and insoluble fractions of dietary fiber (DF). Concentrates of the DF fractions were used to study their structure, physical properties (particle size, density, porosity, and oil adsorption capacity), hydration properties (swelling, water binding capacity, and viscosity), and glucose dialysis retardation index. Hydrolysis with cellulase modified the physical and hydration properties of the different samples analyzed, since this enzyme reduced the particle size in soluble and insoluble dietary fiber (SDF and IDF, respectively), while increasing the water binding capacity of IDF and decreasing that of SDF. Correlation studies carried out between the different properties analysed, showed that the behavior of hydrated fiber and the delay in glucose diffusion are determined by the physical properties of fiber. Keywords: Dietary fiber; functional properties; fiber extraction and artichoke

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Carotenoids are isoprenoids widely distributed in foods that have been always part of the diet of humans. Unlike the other so-called food bioactives, some carotenoids can be converted into retinoids exhibiting vitamin A activity, which is essential for humans. Furthermore, they are much more versatile as they are relevant in foods not only as sources of vitamin A, but also as natural pigments, antioxidants, and health-promoting compounds. Lately, they are also attracting interest in the context of nutricosmetics, as they have been shown to provide cosmetic benefits when ingested in appropriate amounts. In this work, resulting from the collaborative work of participants of the COST Action European network to advance carotenoid research and applications in agrofood and health (EUROCAROTEN, www.eurocaroten.eu, https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA15136/ #tabsjName:overview) research on carotenoids in foods and feeds is thoroughly reviewed covering aspects such as analysis, carotenoid food sources, carotenoid databases, effect of processing and storage conditions, new trends in carotenoid extraction, daily intakes, use as human, and feed additives are addressed. Furthermore, classical and recent patents regarding the obtaining and formulation of carotenoids for several purposes are pinpointed and briefly discussed. Lastly, emerging research lines as well as research needs are highlighted.