Strains of Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia R3089, isolated from the rhizosphere of rape plants (Brassica napus L.), produced a novel antifungal compound,namedmaltophilin, which inhibited the growth of various saprophytic, human-pathogenic and phytopathogenic fungi but was inactive against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Maltophilin is a novel macrocyclic lactam antibiotic with a molecular massof 510mu.The compound wasisolated from the culture nitrate by ethyl acetate extraction and gel filtration on Sephadex LH20and purified by preparative HPLC on reversed phase. The structure of maltophilin was elucidated by electrospray mass spectrometry and XHand 13C NMRspectroscopy.

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