Objectives This article aims to analyse the impact of the pharmaceutical policy on the availability, accessibility and affordability of medicines to the Indian populace. The article delves into the shortcomings of the Drug Price Control Order 2013 and highlights its real‐world implications. Methods Published literature in the form of scientific articles on the proposed reforms that took place in the pharmaceutical policy was reviewed. The study used the memorandums, laws and government decisions published by the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority|National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authorities. Results The pharmaceutical policy in India underwent several changes during 2013–2020 to enhance the affordability and accessibility of drugs. The stringent policy hampered innovation due to the lack of profitability to the Multinational Companies. Moreover, it was found that the impact of the price control order on the low‐cost local generic manufacturers affected much of the country's price‐sensitive population. Conclusion The pharmaceutical policy of India needs to be amended to extend its benefit to its stakeholders. The government should shift its attention to improving the quality of drugs, increasing competition amongst manufacturers and enhancing the accessibility of medicines through state/centre sponsored initiatives.

Objectives: The article aims to explore the studies performed on suicide because of coronavirus disease 19 through a bibliometric analysis. A quantitative analysis of the topic furnishes data on the publication pattern, influential research journals, highly cited articles, productive countries and organizations, the authorship pattern, and the collaborative pattern between authors. Methods: Data regarding the type of documents, most cited articles, influential research journals, contributions per country, and so on were extracted for the study from the Scopus database. Data analysis and visualization were performed through R-Studio and the VOSviewer application. Results: A bibliometric analysis encompassing scientific contributions based on suicide or suicide-related ideation because of the coronavirus pandemic showed a total of 494 documents published in 230 journals/books. The articles published by proficient authors in reputed journals highlighted the key areas of research in the field. USA dominated the list of scientific production of countries contributing to 340 documents. Conclusion: The results provided by this analysis could act as a steppingstone for experts to design a roadmap for mental health research during the pandemic. Studies can be designed to gather information on mental health conditions across specific age groups. Research collaborations that facilitate the publication of pooled protocols and data are encouraged.

Objective: To date, little effort has been devoted to summarizing worldwide research trends in sunscreen publications. The present study aimed to quantitatively analyze research trends in sunscreen publications over the past period from 2010 to 2020. Materials and Methods: The required bibliometric information was extracted and downloaded from the Scopus database. Documents including the keywords “Sunscreen” and “Sunscreens” were extracted from the database. A total of 1466 articles were retrieved from the database as on May 14, 2021. Data analysis and visualization were performed through RStudio. The bibliometrix package was accessed through the RStudio application to compute and process the bibliotec file. Results: Over the last decade (2010–2020), marked progress has been made in the area of sunscreens research. The overall increase in publications and citations reflects a growing research interest in the sunscreens field. The United States was the most prolific organization productive country with ( n = 861) published documents, followed by Brazil ( n = 273), Australia ( n = 220), and France ( n = 220). The most active institution was the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro with publications ( n = 30). Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology was the leading journal in the sunscreen literature with a total of ( n = 55) documents. Conclusion: The main strength of the study is the use of the bibliometric analysis method and visualization of data to review the entire literature on sunscreens. The United States, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Australia, France, and China were active in most of the research parameters included in the study. These findings serve as a guide and road map for scholars in the field. This research can also be beneficial to academics, policymakers, and educational use.

In Russia strict formally approach for pharmacoeconomic evaluation assessment, based on integral score scale, had been implemented since 2014. Objective: To analyze the impact of integral scale assessment (ISA) of pharmacoeconomic evaluation for reimbursement decision-making in Russia. We conducted SWOT analysis of existing ISA for pharmacoeconomic evaluation. Instead of ICER threshold, in Russia medicine to be reimbursed, should obtain at least +6 scores (S) from results of both cost-effectiveness (CEA) and budget impact analysis (BIA). Association between S and results of CEA/BIA is determined by the size of deviation (in percent) from CEA or BIA results of medicine and its comparator. Medicine may obtain from -8S to +10S by results of CEA and from -4S to +8S from results of BIA (positive S are obtained, if medicine has superiority under comparator, negativewhen medicine got worse pharmacoeconomic result, then comparator). There are number of scenarios of CEA with different scores assessment: basic cost-effectiveness ratio calculation (gives from +6S to +10S); cost-minimization analysis (gives from -8S to +8S); special case, when medicine is less effectiveness then comparator (gives from -7S to +1S); etc. Strength of implemented approach is its easiness and transparency: if computing CER value for medicine is from 20% to 40% lower, then for comparator, it gives +8S. Weakness is, that it doesn't fit all possible cases and sometimes provides inadequacy assessment: BIA assessment requires to compare budget with and without analyzed medicine, and if there are large number of comparators budget impact of analyzed medicine will be always underestimated. Opportunities are associated with possible flexibility of this approach in changing of number of S and size of deviation. The primary threat is to become a procrustean bed, that will impact availability of medicines. After improvements ISA for pharmacoeconomic evaluation may become effective approach for reimbursement decision-making.

The role of N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) in Rodenticide poisoning hasn't been well established due to mixed results from various studies and lack of proper treatment guidelines. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of NAC in the treatment of rodenticide poisoning. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify the literature. Reference list of included studies and Clinicaltrials.gov were also searched for relevant studies. Only the Randomized controlled trials and observational studies assessing the efficacy of NAC in rodenticide poisoning published in English were included in our review. Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool and New Castle Ottawa scale was used for quality assessment. Two authors were independently involved in study selection, data extraction and quality assessment of the studies and disagreements were resolved by discussion or by consulting a third reviewer. Results: A total of 5 out of 2142 non-duplicate studies with 258 patients were considered for the analysis. Treatment with NAC was observed to have a better recovery rate (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.32, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.32-4.09; 5 studies), lesser mortality (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.15-0.53, 5 studies) and lesser intubation or ventilation rate (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.11-0.60, 2 studies) when compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference with respect to the hospitalization days (Mean Difference: 0.61, Standard deviation: -0.84 to 2.05, 3 studies). The quality of the included studies appeared to be moderate to high. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that NAC can be a promising agent in the management of rodenticide poisoning as it is showing a better survival and lower mortality rate when compared to the control group. Further high-quality studies are warranted.