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Experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of selected plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) towards enhancement of growth and yield of coriander crop (Coriandrum sativum L. cv Acr-1) under semi-arid condition in India. Six PGPR isolates showing in-vitro indole acetic acid production and tricalcium phosphate solubilization were the prime targets. These rhizobacterial isolates were evaluated for their ability to promote growth and yield of coriander under open field conditions. Highest seedling vigour index was recorded for B. aerophilus Cor-15 (1178.50) followed by B. megaterium (1125.20) and minimum was observed with control. The maximum total chlorophyll content was assayed with B. subtilis NRCSS-I which was 1.38 mg/g f wt and 1.30 mg/g f wt at 45 and 90 DAS respectively. The highest Pox activity was recorded with B. megaterium ISB28 (4.31 IU/min/g) in coriander shoot tissues at 90 DAS followed by B. aerophilus cor-15. At harvest stage, maximum plant height was recorded with B. aerophilus Cor-15 (84.36cm) which was at par with B. megaterium (82.90 cm). Coriander seed yield ranged from 1128.80 to 1650.94 kg/ha and the maxmum seed yield of 1650.94 kg/ha was recorded with B. aerophilus Cor-15 being at par with B. subtilis strains and the minimum in control. Maximum essential oil yield was recorded with B. megaterium ISB-28 (5.86 l/ha) followed by B. aerophilus Cor-15 (4.64 l/ha) and least was observed with control (3.09 l/ha).

Aim: The current study involved carrying out adaptive evolution to inculcate tolerance to hydrolysate-derived aldehyde-based inhibitors, furfural, vanillin, syringaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HB) for the valorization of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. Methodology: The growth-inhibitory effects of the aforementioned inhibitors on E. coli MG1655 were investigated. The percentage of inhibition was calculated from the initial growth, followed by extrapolating the IC50 values for each inhibitor. Based on these findings, adaptation experiments were conducted for individual inhibitors at a concentration lesser than or closer to IC50. Results: The specific growth rate of cells was lowered by 2.2-, 3-, 1.3- and 5- fold when grown in the presence of furfural, vanillin, syringaldehyde and 4- hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HB), respectively. The adapted strains which were grown in the presence of furfural (9mM), vanillin (9mM), syringaldehyde (8mM) and 4- HB (6mM) individually showed around 1.5 -2.5- fold increase in the specific growth rate as compared to the wild-type with decreased lag phases and increased final cell densities. Interpretation: The strains, subjected to adaptive evolution, resulted in increased tolerance to single inhibitors and these will further be sequentially adapted to other three inhibitors for their utilization in the valorization of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass.

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