Background: Administration of Suxamethonium, laryngoscopy and intubation is associated with rise in intraocular pressure (IOP). The need to attenuate rise in IOP is of utmost importance, especially in patients with perforating injury of the eyeball. The present study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of intravenous Dexmedetomidine 0.4μg/kg and oral Clonidine 3μg/kg in attenuating the rise in IOP following administration of suxamethonium, laryngoscopy and intubation.Methods: 150 patients of ASA I or II, aged between 18-60 years, who were posted for elective non-ophthalmic surgery requiring general anaesthesia were included in this study. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups with 50 patients in each group. Group-D: Received 0.4μg/kg IV dexmed in 10ml sterile water, over 10 min before induction. Group-C: Received 3μg/kg oral clonidine two hours prior to surgery. Group-S: Control group.Results: IOP, MAP, and HR were recorded at baseline, before induction, after induction, 1 min, 3 min and 5 min after administration of suxamethonium. Although Suxamethonium laryngoscopy and intubation increased IOP in all the 3 groups there was significant reduced rise in IOP noted in dexmed group and clonidine group compared to study group (p= <0.001). Furthermore, patients in dexmed group had lesser rise in IOP compared to clonidine group (p= <0.001).Conclusions: We concluded that both intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.4μg/kg and oral clonidine 3μg/kg, significantly attenuated the rise in IOP associated with administration of suxamethonium, laryngoscopy and intubation. However intravenous dexmedetomidine proved better than oral clonidine in attenuating the rise in IOP.

INTRODUCTIONMan has always tried to tame and subdue the crippling force that pain had always been, and in the process devised various methods to overcome it, ranging from black magic to application of ice and hypnosis to opium. In most instances, acute painful disorders are correctly diagnosed and effectively treated, but in a significant number of cases, patients with severe or very severe post operative and post traumatic pain and severe visceral pain are not effectively relieved. Modern day anaesthesia is not just concerned with relieving pain during surgeries but also during post operative period. Post operative analgesia is gaining more weightage as it not only improves quality of life of the patient, but also results in faster recovery and reduces medical costs.Various modalities for post operative pain management are available today. Analgesia through the epidural route is one of the most preferred techniques for it. ABSTRACTBackground: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of epidurally administered Tramadol. Hydrochloride and Pentazocine Lactate in providing post operative pain relief for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. To compare the side effects between epidural tramadol and pentazocine. Design of the study was a prospective randomized study. Methods: The study population consisted of 100 patients aged between 18-65 years posted for various elective lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries requiring neuraxial anaesthesia at M.V.J. Medical College and Research Hospital, Hoskote, Bangalore. The study population was randomly divided into 2 groups with 50 patients in each sub group. Group T: Administered 50mg Tramadol, diluted to 10ml with Normal saline, epidurally (n = 50) Group P: Administered 0.3mg/kg Pentazocine, diluted to 10ml with Normal saline, epidurally (n = 50). Patient was monitored on various parameters including duration of action, hemodynamic variables, and side effects. Results: In group administered 50mg Tramadol epidurally, the mean time to onset of analgesia was 4.36±2.23 mins and the mean time to onset of analgesia in the group administered pentazocine was 4.84±2.24 mins, with a p value of 0.286, which is not considered significant. In tramadol group, the analgesic period averaged 7 hours 20 minutes, while the duration of analgesia in group P averaged 6 hours 43 minutes, with a p value of 0.475, which is not considered significant. It was also observed that 0.3mg/kg of pentazocine produced marginally higher incidence of bradycardia, dizziness, drowsiness. Conclusions: With these results, we conclude that epidural tramadol 50mg gives longer lasting and more profound analgesia with lesser side effects when compared to 0.3mg/kg of pentazocine.