Four types of oedometer tests (constant rate of strain tests, controlled gradient tests, multiple-stage loading tests and creep tests) were carried out on a variety of Champlain sea clays. Results obtained on five sites are used to demonstrate that the rheological behaviour of these clays is controlled by a unique stress-strain-strain rate relationship. This relationship can be simply described by two curves (σ-p′-ɛv and (σ′/σp′)-ɛv). The significance, the practical implications and the limitations of the model are also discussed. Quatre types d'essais oedométriques (a vitesse constante de déformation, à gradient contrôlé, à chargement en plusieurs étapes et avec fluage) ont été effectués sur diverses argiles marines Champlain. Les résultats obtenus sur cinq sites sont utilisés pour démontrer que le comportement rhéologique de ces argiles est régi par une relation unique contrainte-déformation/vitesse de déformation. Cette relation peut être décrite de façon très simple par deux courbes (σp-ɛv et (σv′/σp′)-ɛv). L'article analyse aussi la signification, les implications pratiques et les limitations du modèle.
The question of whether or not the end of primary consolidation curve from laboratory oedometer tests is representative of in situ behaviour has been the subject of much discussion. The behaviour of the Berthierville test embankment is described and in situ effective stress-strain curves are defined for two well-defined clay sublayers. These compressibility curves are then compared with laboratory end of primary consolidation curves. Similar comparisons are also made for sublayers under three other well-instrumented embankments. All the results show that the laboratory end of primary consolidation curve strongly underestimates in situ settlements and thus that theory A is not valid. On s'est souvent demandé si la courbe de la fin de consolidation primaire obtenue à partir d'essais oedométriques en laboratoire représente effec-tivement le comportement en place. L'article décrit le comportement du remblai expérimental de Berthierville et définit les courbes contrainte-deformation effectives en place pour deux sous-couches d'argile bien déflnies. Puis on compare ces courbes de compressibilité avec des courbes de la fin de consolidation primaire obtenues au laboratoire. Des comparaisons pareilles sont aussi faites pour des sous-couches sous trois autres remblais bien instrumentés. Tous les résultats indiquent que la courbe de la fin de consolidation primaire obtenue au laboratoire sous-estime sérieusement les tassements en place et que la théorie A n'est pas valable.
A numerical model has been developed, making use of a strain-rate-dependent compressibility law and a permeability-void ratio law, both experimentally established. The numerical program is used to simulate the behavior of clay specimens submitted to oedometric tests (MSL, CGT, creep, etc.). The following conclusions are drawn: 1. The effective stress-strain clay behavior depends on the type of test carried out. In particular, the preconsolidation pressure value varies from one test to another. 2. Each element throughout the specimen follows a specific stress-strain relation depending on its strain rate history. Moreover, the oedometric curve, as usually interpreted from a multiple-stage loading (MSL) test, does not agree with any of these relations, not even with the average curve followed by the whole specimen. 3. The pore pressure isochrones maintain the same shape during controlled-gradient (CGT) or creep tests, in particular when the effective stresses correspond to the preconsolidation pressure.
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