Objective: To evaluate outcomes of single-stage surgery performed for inguinal hernia combined with cryptorchidism. Methods: Between 2005 and 2020, 22 patients aged 3 to 28 years underwent surgery for inguinal hernias combined with cryptorchidism. All surgeries were performed using instrumentation, affording surgical precision through enhanced visualisation and magnification. The combination of the hernia with cryptorchidism was noted in 12 (54.5%) and 8 (36.4%) patients on the right and left sides, respectively. In addition, bilateral localisation of hernia and cryptorchidism was observed in 2 (9.1%) patients. In addition to clinical investigation, ultrasonography (US), Doppler ultrasonography (DU) and, to a limited extent, computed tomography (CT) were used preoperatively and in the long-term postoperative period. Dynamical changes in the threedimensional testicular measurements, testicular volumes and the time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMAX, cm/s) in the testicular arteries were evaluated. Results: In the immediate postoperative period, seroma formation and suppuration of wounds were not noted. However, in 3 (13.6%) cases, transient swelling of the scrotum was observed. According to ultrasound data, 6 months after single-stage operations, there was a statistically significant increase in all parameters of the operated testicle compared to the initial values, including three-dimensional testicular measurements and volume (p<0.05) in all age groups. In addition, 6 months after the operation, the sizes of surgically brought down and healthy testicles in all age groups became equal, except for the thickness of the testis in children aged 3-5 years. At the same time, according to DU data, there was also a statistically significant increase in TAMAX in the testicular artery on the side of the lesion (p<0.001). Conclusion: The use of instrumentation, affording surgical precision through enhanced visualisation and magnification when performing surgery for inguinal hernia and cryptorchidism, is the gold standard treatment. Because it prevents iatrogenic damage to critical anatomical structures, allows maximum mobilisation of the vascular pedicle of the retained testicle and contributes to the safe bringing down of the latter without much tension. The selection of an appropriate hernial orifice reconstruction method, along with the recurrence prevention, also helps to avoid compression of the elements of the spermatic cord and thus improve the fertile function. Keywords: Inguinal hernia, cryptorchidism, a combination of inguinal hernia and cryptorchidism.

Objective: To improve the results of surgical treatment of primary, postoperative and recurrent hernias of the lateral and anterolateral abdominal wall. Methods: Various types of hernioplasty were performed in 68 patients with lateral and anterolateral hernias of the abdominal wall (LALHAW) aged 24 to 67 years. Primary hernias were diagnosed in 10 patients, postoperative – in 30, recurrent – in 28. There were 16 men and 52 women enrolled on the study. Analysis of the anamnesis and medical records revealed that postoperative hernias (30) arose after the following surgical interventions: nephrectomy (11), nephrolithomy (8), appendectomy (4), cholecystectomy (3), drainage of the retroperitoneal space (2), surgery for hepatic echinococcosis (1) and adrenalectomy (1); 24 patients were admitted with recurrent hernia after traditional hernioplasty, and 4 patients – after combined methods of hernioplasty. Results: Among the total number of patients, traditional hernioplasty was performed in 25 (36.8%) patients, tension-free repair – in 5 (7.4%) and combined repair – in 38 (55.8%) patients. Simultaneous operations were performed in 14 cases, such as nephrolithotomy (3), resection of the ovarian cyst (3) and greater omentum (5), supravaginal amputation of the uterus (3). Surgical site complications developed in 12% of cases after traditional hernioplasty, and in 5.2%. after combined methods of operation. Among 5 patients operated using a tension-free method, seroma occurred in one observation. Recurrent hernia after traditional hernioplasty developed in one patient (4% of cases). Conclusion: Surgical treatment of LALHAW is a complicated problem of herniology, due to the complexity of anatomical architectonics of the anterior abdominal wall and limited plastic resources of the surrounding tissues. Currently, the results of traditional hernioplasty remain disappointing, as there is a trend towards increased recurrence and incidence of surgical site complications after its application. The widespread use of the combined methods of surgical treatment of hernias of this localization, along with reliable reinforcement of the hernia defect, provide the most optimal longterm functional results, allowing the patients resume their previous professional activities. The incidence of recurrent hernias after these operations tends to reduce, contributing to an improvement in the quality of life. Keywords: Lateral abdominal hernia, anterolateral abdominal hernia, recurrent hernia, traditional hernioplasty, tension-free hernioplasty.

A literature review on the types of hernias of the anterior abdominal wall (HAAW) is presented. The analysis shows that HAAW are the most common pathology among abdominal surgical diseases. The factors contributing to development of ventral recurrent and postoperative HAAW are summarized. Statistical data indicating their incidence are presented, the causes of the pathology recurrence are considered. Different aspects of development of the abdominal compartment syndrome and septic purulent wound complications are discussed, and the influence of various complications on the outcome of surgical interventions are considered. Keywords: Recurrent ventral hernia, postoperative ventral hernia, intraabdominal hypertension, abdominal compartment syndrome, tension-free hernioplasty.