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Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and distressing clinical problem following surgery and affects 1 in 4 patients. If not treated appropriately PONV can potentially increase mortality (e.g. through aspiration and dehydration) and morbidity, either as a result of vomiting or from the effects of vomiting. This article is educational and informative and aims to give the practitioner a concise outlook when considering the management of PONV. With regards to recent advances, ‘The Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting’ ( Gan et al, 2014 ) are the most relevant and up-to-date guidelines. These guidelines help to identify patients who are more at risk of PONV and recommend different approaches in reducing that risk. These recommended approaches include the identification of the most effective anti-emetics, either single or combined therapies (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) for prophylaxis and prevention, and strategies for treatment of PONV when it actually occurs.