Ferroelectric memory has been substantially researched for several decades as its potential to obtain higher speed, lower power consumption, and longer endurance compared to conventional flash memory. Despite great deal of effort to develop ferroelectric memory based on perovskite oxides on Si, formation of unwanted interfacial layer substantially compromises the performance of the ferroelectric memory. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) integration has been unimaginable because of high processing temperature, non-CMOS compatibility, difficulty in scaling, and complex compositions of perovskite oxides. Here, we demonstrate a unique strategy to tackle critical issues by applying hafnia-based ferroelectrics and oxide semiconductors. Thus, it is possible to avoid the formation of interfacial layer that finally allows unprecedented Si-free 3D integration of ferroelectric memory. This strategy yields memory performance that could be achieved neither by the conventional flash memory nor by the previous perovskite ferroelectric memories. Device simulation confirms that this strategy can realize ultrahigh-density 3D memory integration.

Amorphous oxide thin film transistor (TFT) arrays have been developed as TFT backplanes for large size active-matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. An amorphous IGZO (Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide) bottom gate TFT with an etch-stop layer (ESL) delivered excellent electrical performance with fieldeffect mobility of 21 cm 2 /V-s, an on/off ratio of >10 8 , and subthreshold slope (SS) of 0.29V/dec. A full color 19-inch AMOLED display has been developed using the amorphous IGZO TFT backplane.

We report that the control of the ‘island width growth rate’, which is defined as dW/dt, is more efficient than that of the ‘island width’ for neoclassical tearing mode stabilization using the minimum seeking method. A concept of the minimum island width growth rate seeking method is newly proposed for the real-time feedback control of the neoclassical tearing mode by using electron cyclotron current drive. To evaluate the performance of the proposed concept, predictive feedback control simulations with an integrated numerical system are performed based on two types of minimum seeking controllers; the first is a finite difference method based controller and the second is a sinusoidal perturbation based controller. The results are compared with the minimum ‘island width’ seeking method. It is revealed that the proposed control concept is less limited in minimum seeking, and more robust and efficient in reducing the misalignment in shorter time scales.

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Abstract. An aerosol model optimized for northeast Asia is updated with the inversion data from the Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks (DRAGON)-northeast (NE) Asia campaign which was conducted during spring from March to May 2012. This updated aerosol model was then applied to a single visible channel algorithm to retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD) from a Meteorological Imager (MI) on-board the geostationary meteorological satellite, Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS). This model plays an important role in retrieving accurate AOD from a single visible channel measurement. For the single-channel retrieval, sensitivity tests showed that perturbations by 4 % (0.926 ± 0.04) in the assumed single scattering albedo (SSA) can result in the retrieval error in AOD by over 20 %. Since the measured reflectance at the top of the atmosphere depends on both AOD and SSA, the overestimation of assumed SSA in the aerosol model leads to an underestimation of AOD. Based on the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) inversion data sets obtained over East Asia before 2011, seasonally analyzed aerosol optical properties (AOPs) were categorized by SSAs at 675 nm of 0.92 ± 0.035 for spring (March, April, and May). After the DRAGON-NE Asia campaign in 2012, the SSA during spring showed a slight increase to 0.93 ± 0.035. In terms of the volume size distribution, the mode radius of coarse particles was increased from 2.08 ± 0.40 to 2.14 ± 0.40. While the original aerosol model consists of volume size distribution and refractive indices obtained before 2011, the new model is constructed by using a total data set after the DRAGON-NE Asia campaign. The large volume of data in high spatial resolution from this intensive campaign can be used to improve the representative aerosol model for East Asia. Accordingly, the new AOD data sets retrieved from a single-channel algorithm, which uses a precalculated look-up table (LUT) with the new aerosol model, show an improved correlation with the measured AOD during the DRAGON-NE Asia campaign. The correlation between the new AOD and AERONET value shows a regression slope of 1.00, while the comparison of the original AOD data retrieved using the original aerosol model shows a slope of 1.08. The change of y-offset is not significant, and the correlation coefficients for the comparisons of the original and new AOD are 0.87Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. M. Kim et al.: AOD retrieval using GEO measurement during DRAGON-NE Asia 2012and 0.85, respectively. The tendency of the original aerosol model to overestimate the retrieved AOD is significantly improved by using the SSA values in addition to size distribution and refractive index obtained using the new model.