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We present magnetization (M) and magnetoresistance (MR) data for a series of Sr2FeMoO6 samples with independent control on antisite defect and grain-boundary densities, which reveal several unexpected features, including a novel switching-like behavior of MR with M. These, in conjunction with model calculations, establish that the MR in Sr2FeMoO6 is dominantly controlled by a new mechanism, derived from the magnetic polarization of grain-boundary regions acting like spin valves, leading to behavior qualitatively different from that usually encountered in tunneling MR. We show that a simple and useful experimental signature for the presence of this spin-valve-type MR (SVMR) is a wider hysteresis in MR compared to that in M.

SUMMARYThis paper deals with implementation of cyclic plastic constitutive models in which a general form of strain hardening and dynamic recovery is employed to represent the multilinear, as well as non-linear, evolution of back stress. First, in order to incorporate such a general form of kinematic hardening in ÿnite element methods, successive substitution and its convergence are discussed for implicitly integrating stress; moreover, a new expression of consistent tangent modulus is derived by introducing a set of fourth-rank constitutive parameters into discretized kinematic hardening. Then, the constitutive parameters introduced are speciÿed in three cases of the general form of kinematic hardening; the three cases have distinct capabilities of simulating ratcheting and cyclic stress relaxation. Numerical examples are given to verify the convergence in successive substitution and the new expression of consistent tangent sti ness. Error maps for implicitly integrating stress under non-proportional as well as proportional loading are also given to show that the multilinear case of the general form provides high accuracy even if strain increment is very large.

To elucidate the role of diet in the etiology of bladder cancer, we conducted a case-control study from 1996 to 1999 in Aichi Prefecture, Central Japan. Cases were patients newly diagnosed with bladder cancer, and one hospital control was selected for each case, matching gender, age, and hospital. A well-validated food frequency questionnaire was adopted to estimate intakes of nutrients and food groups. Odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for smoking and occupational history were computed using conditional logistic models. The analyses based on 297 cases and 295 controls revealed the following. 1) The more the intake of milk and dairy products, the lower the OR; the ORs across quartiles in all subjects were 1.02, 0.73, and 0.52. Fruit intake was negatively associated with the risk, particularly in men (ORs across quartiles = 0.76, 0.77, and 0.52). Green-yellow vegetables were associated with a decreased risk in the highest quartile of consumption in men (OR = 0.57). 2) Dietary intakes of retinol and saturated fatty acids were related to a reduced risk in all subjects (ORs across quartiles = 0.75, 0.54, and 0.66 and 0.55, 0.54, and 0.60, respectively). Monounsaturated fatty acids had an inverse association with bladder cancer risk in men.

The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) optimized stellarator fusion experiment, which went into operation in 2015, has been operating since 2017 with an un-cooled modular graphite divertor. This allowed first divertor physics studies to be performed at pulse energies up to 80 MJ, as opposed to 4 MJ in the first operation phase, where five inboard limiters were installed instead of a divertor. This, and a number of other upgrades to the device capabilities, allowed extension into regimes of higher plasma density, heating power, and performance overall, e.g. setting a new stellarator world record triple product. The paper focuses on the first physics studies of how the island divertor works. The plasma heat loads arrive to a very high degree on the divertor plates, with only minor heat loads seen on other components, in particular baffle structures built in to aid neutral compression. The strike line shapes and locations change significantly from one magnetic configuration to another, in very much the same way that codes had predicted they would. Strike-line widths are as large as 10 cm, and the wetted areas also large, up to about 1.5 m 2 , which bodes well for future operation phases. Peak local heat loads onto the divertor were in general benign and project below the 10 MW/m 2 limit of the future water-cooled divertor when operated with 10 MW of heating power, with the exception of low-density attached operation in the high-iota Submitted to Nuclear Fusion configuration. The most notable result was the complete (in all 10 divertor units) heat-flux detachment obtained at highdensity operation in hydrogen.