This study discusses the use of near infrared spectroscopy for monitoring of the process by which biomass is modified by light-irradiation and heat treatment. As a change in the colour of wood is closely related to the change in its physicochemical structure, we investigated the relationship between the tristimulus values and the diffuselyreflected near infrared spectra of wood samples during a constrained modification process. Such basic research is required to develop a new method of colouring wood without paint. The change in colour with heat treatment was much greater in light-irradiated wood than in non-irradiated wood. The change in the colour of wood by lightirradiation and heat treatment is related to the degradation of lignin and hemicellulose, which was evident from the variation of absorption bands at 1672 nm for CH in aromatic skeletal and 1724 nm for CH in furanose or pyranose. NIR spectroscopy will become a useful method for the detection of a change in chemical structure of wood caused by light-irradiated and heat treatment.

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To apply the coloring method using light irradiation and thermal treatment to print photographs on wood

We measure the fluctuations ͑noise͒ of the vortex-flow voltage in the low-temperature liquid phase of thick amorphous ͑a-͒Mg x B 1−x and a-Mo x Si 1−x films with different transition temperatures and widths of the quantum-vortex-liquid ͑QVL͒ phase. An anomalous vortex flow with an asymmetric distribution of ͑real-time͒ voltage fluctuations is commonly observed in the QVL phase, independent of material as well as strength of quantum fluctuations. In the QVL phase we observe the Lorentzian-type noise spectra indicative of shot noise, whose origin is attributed to the vortex bundles that are depinned and pinned randomly in the stationary flow of QVL.

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