Cette étude s'est penchée sur les conditions optimales de biodigestion des effluents de manioc de la filière attiéké (semoule de manioc). Ces effluents proviennent de la fabrique d'attiéké d'Azito (village Ebrié de la commune de Yopougon dans le district d'Abidjan). Les six digesteurs expérimentaux utilisés, ont été alimentés comme suit : 1) effluent de manioc ; 2) effluent + bouse de vache ; 3) effluent + urine ; 4-5 et 6) effluent + urine + différentes quantités de bouse de vache. Aux résultats, les digesteurs ont fonctionné de façon mésophile avec des températures comprises entre 24,0 et 35,6 °C. Les digesteurs sans urine ont un pH variant entre 3 et 4 durant l'expérimentation. Pour ceux contenant de l'urine humaine, le pH a oscillé entre 6,46 et 10,29. Concernant le volume de gaz produit, il est significativement plus important dans les digesteurs contenant de l'urine que dans les digesteurs sans ajout d'urine. Le test d'inflammabilité du gaz produit est positif sauf pour le premier digesteur. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats de l'étude montrent que l'ajustement du pH avec l'urine humaine avant le démarrage du traitement des effluents de manioc issus de la filière de fabrication de l'attiéké par digestion anaérobie, est nécessaire pour l'optimisation du processus de biométhanisation.
In this research we examined the impact of effluents from an agro-industrial plant on River Wawa. Water quality was assessed by monitoring monthly during a year. Eleven parameters were retained: temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH, chemical oxygen demand, nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, orthophosphates and organic pollution index. Except temperature and ammonia which didn't differ among sites, chemical oxygen demand and organic pollution index were significantly (p < 0.00001) higher at reference sites upstream the discharge point of effluents than sites located downstream. On the contrary, values of the other variables were significantly (p < 0.05) higher at sites receiving the effluents. These results certainly support the hypothesis that the rejected effluents have a negative influence on the water quality downstream the discharge point. However, results suggest a decrease of the parameters content at the second site more distant from the discharge point, maybe due to the self-purifier capacity of the receiving stream. Ecological impacts not being all immediate, this wastewater could have a negative impact on the species living in the receiving stream in long term, either by bio-accumulation or by bio-magnification. It would be interesting to undertake complementary studies of bio-accumulation or bio-magnification on fauna.
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