This paper analyses the changes of temperature at the ground-level and the temperature and location of the selected isobaric surfaces in relation to Lityński atmospheric circulation (1969) as modified by Pianko-Kluczyńska (2007). The basic data used in this paper were everyday radiosonde measurements obtained from the Aerological Station in Legionowo in the years 2001-2010 at 00 UTC. The subject of the analysis were yearly and seasonal average temperatures as well as the locations of isobaric surfaces. The biggest differences between isobaric surfaces locations during anticyclonic kinds of circulation and those during cyclonic ones occur in winter, while the smallest such differences appear since May till September. When analysing the circulation type (direction and kind), it was established that isobaric surfaces are located at the lowest level during circulations from the northern quadrant. The universality of the circulation calendar which was used and the geographical location of the Aerological Station in Legionowo entitle us to claim the results of this study to be representative for the lowland of Central Europe.

Based on the results of radiosounding measurements from all Polish aerological stations, an analysis of temperature changes in the troposphere and tropopause over Poland was carried out. The study was performed for data from 1981 to 2018 at 00 UTC for five main isobaric surfaces (MISs): 850, 700, 500, 300 and 200 hPa and for the tropopause. It was found that the tropospheric temperature variability is highest in the cold months of the year and lowest in summer. Annual temperature variability in the upper troposphere is less than in the lower. Temperature trends for the MISs from 850 to 300 hPa for the year and summer are positive and almost everywhere statistically significant at a significance level of .05. For a year, they average from about 0.2°C to 0.5°C/decade. In summer, they are slightly greater and are 0.4–0.5°C. On the MIS of 200 hPa over Poland, however, there are negative thermal trends, both in the year and in summer. They are approximately −0.1°C/decade. In winter, the trends are much smaller than in the summer or for the year. In the lower troposphere they are weak and positive, while in the upper troposphere they are weak and negative. Negative tendencies in the thermal tropopause over Poland were found. For the year and seasons, this trend ranges from −0.2 to −0.3°C/decade. The obtained results regarding the temperature of the troposphere and tropopause over Poland correspond with the results of earlier studies from Europe and the around world. They confirm the warming of the lower and cooling of the upper troposphere with the tropopause, which has been taking place in the last few decades.

This report is a summary of the M.A. dissertation written under the guidance of Krzysztof Olszewski.