The Russian-American gallium experiment (SAGE) Cr neutrino source measurementhttp://sro.sussex.ac.uk Wark, David and et al, (1996) The Russian-American gallium experiment (SAGE) Cr neutrino source measurement. Physical Review Letters, 77. pp. 4708-4711.

The Solar Maximum Mission Gamma Ray Experiment (SMM GRE) utilizes an actively shielded, multicrystal scintillation spectrometer to measure the flux of solar gamma rays. The instrument provides a 476-channel pulse height spectrum (with energy resolution of ~7% at 662 keV) every 16.38 s over the energy range 0.3-9 MeV. Higher time resolution (2 s) is available in three windows between 3.5 and 6.5 MeV to study prompt gamma ray line emission at 4.4 and 6.1 MeV. Gamma ray spectral analysis can be extended to -> 15 MeV on command. Photons in the energy band from 300-350 keV are recorded with a time resolution of 64 ms. A high energy configuration also gives the spectrum of photons in the energy range from 10-100 MeV and the flux of neutrons ~>20 MeV. Both have a time resolution of 2 s. Auxiliary X-ray detectors will provide spectra with 1-sec time resolution over the energy range of 10-140 keV. The instrument is designed to measure the intensity, energy, and Doppler shift of narrow gamma ray lines as well as the intensity of extremely broadened lines and the photon continuum. The main objective is to use this time and spectral information from both nuclear gamma ray lines and the photon continuum in a direct study of the dynamics of the solar flare/particle acceleration phenomena.

Interactions of 10.6A GeV gold nuclei have been studied in nuclear emulsions. In a minimum bias sample of 1100 interactions, 4730 helium nuclei and 2102 heavy nuclei were emitted as fragments of the incident gold projectiles. The emission angles of these fragments have been measured and pseudorapidity distributions constructed. The multiplicity distributions have been considered separately for the light and heavy target nuclei in the emulsions and found to be relatively independent of the nature of the target, when studied in terms of the total charge remaining bound in the multiply charged fragments. These distributions have been compared with those reported by experiments that studied the multifragmentation of 0.6 and 1.0A GeV gold nuclei, and show relatively small but statistically significant differences that may be attributed to the differing energies or, possibly, to detection biases in the low energy data. We have also looked for evidence of phase changes in the description of multifragmentation and compared our conclusions with those of a study of 1.0A GeV gold nuclei interacting in a carbon target. We see evidence of behavior that is similar, but not entirely consistent, with that reported at the lower energy. Whether this is evidence for a true phase change in the state of the nuclear matter remains an open question. PACS number(s): 25.75+r, 29.40.Rg

The 1 13-m2 water Cherenkov detector at a depth of 1480 m (4200 m water equivalent) in the Homestake Gold Mine, Lead, South Dakota, has been used to study multiple muons with E,>2.7 TeV produced in cosmic-ray interactions by primaries of 10'~-10'~ eV/nucleon. The decoherence curve and multiple-muon rates are presented.

Charged particle multiplicities from high multiplicity interactions of 158GeV/nucleon Pb ions with Pb target nuclei have been measured using nuclear emulsion chambers. The characteristics of these interactions have been compared to those of central interactions of 200 GeV/nucleon proton, O, and S beams on silver or bromine targets and those from simulations using the FRITIOF 7.02 and VENUS 4.12 Monte Carlo event generators. Multiplicities of Pb+Pb interactions in the central region are significantly lower than predicted by either model. We examine the shape of the pseudorapidity distribution and its dependence on centrality in detail, because in this symmetric system the participant projectile target masses are independent of centrality, 1 so any dependence of the shape on centrality must therefore be a dynamical effect. VENUS, the only one of the two models which attempts to incorporate reinteraction phenomena, predicts a narrowing of the pseudorapidity distributions for the highest multiplicity events, which we do not observe. In general, FRITIOF produces better fits to the data than does VENUS.