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Rupa Lake is the third biggest lake of Pokhara valley. It supports a number of floral and faunal species. A total of 36 species of waterbirds have been recorded in the lake which represents about 19 percent of the total 193 wetland-dependent birds found in Nepal. The lake is under pressure from diverse anthropogenic factors. Waterbirds of Rupa Lake face a number of threats including trapping/hunting, fish farming using nets, habitat destruction by soil erosion, sedimentation and agricultural conversion, human disturbance, water pollution and eutrophication. This article provides an overview of waterbirds and threats to them in Rupa Lake Area. Key words: Rupa Lake, waterbirds, threatsDOI: 10.3126/jowe.v1i1.1569 Journal of Wetlands Ecology Vol.1(1/2) 2008, p.9-12

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Monosodium 4-amino-1-hydroxybutane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (MK-217) is a bone resorption inhibitor implicated in the treatment of malignant hypercalcemia. This compound is very water soluble and has five ionizable groups with pKa values over the entire pH range. As a result, it is difficult to maintain a single species in solution for chromatographic separation. Since there is no chromophore in the molecular structure, UV detection is ineffective. The compound and its potential degradation products are separated by ion-pair chromatography using 0.01 M cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the ion-pairing agent and a polymeric stationary phase. Detection is by fluorescence detection after postcolumn derivatization of the primary amine with ophthalaldehyde and mercaptoethanol (OPA-MERC). Optimization of the chromatographic separation and the postcolumn reaction has been carried out, and the method has been applied to the analysis of MK-217 in intravenous solutions and tablet formulations.