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Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is among the major causes of mortality and morbidity in type 1 & type 2 diabetes and is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease outcomes. Higher blood pressure and poor glycaemic control were reported to be the most common risk factors influencing the progress of diabetic nephropathy. This study was designed to determine the diagnostic and prognostic potential of the serum transformation growth factor β1 [TGF β1] in normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric, macroalbuminuric and end-stage renal disease type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. Materials and Methods: The transformation growth factor β1 was measured using ELISA test kits and serum creatinine was assessed by the modified Jaffe method while estimated glomerular filtration rate [EGFR] in the study was evaluated by the MDRD equation (adjusted for four variables). Results: The levels of serum transformation growth factor β1 and urine albumin/creatinine ratio were significantly increased (p < 0.05) across the diabetes nephropathy stages, while the estimated glomerular filtration rate was progressively decreased (p < 0.05). Serum creatinine was significantly increased (p < 0.05) with the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Conclusion: Transformation growth factor β1 might have the potentials to be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for diabetic nephropathy.