The early inflammatory events (IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha expression) seen, and the lack of pEGFR in perilesional follicles, indicate that inflammatory events induced by EGFR inhibition may initiate papulopustular eruptions along with the altered differentiations. The decrease of filaggrin may contribute to the pathogenesis of the xerosis caused by cetuximab.

Common hepatic artery lymph node dissection is regarded as a standard procedure in esophageal cancer surgery because of aggressive lymphatic dissemination of esophageal cancer. However, lymph node dissection can prolong operation time and may be associated with complications such as chylous ascites. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of common hepatic artery lymph node dissection in clinical T1N0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Between 1996 and 2009, 1390 patients underwent surgery for esophageal cancer in our institution, and 209 were found to have clinical T1N0 disease. Exclusion criteria were nonsquamous carcinoma, double primary cancer, definite distant metastasis, administration of neoadjuvant treatment, and incomplete abdominal lymph node dissection. We retrospectively analyzed medical records, operative and pathologic data, and follow-up information. Forty-two patients were excluded from the study. Among the 167 enrolled patients, preoperative endoscopic ultrasound evaluation was performed in 160 patients. Fifty-two patients had distal esophageal or esophagogastric junction tumor. Surgery included 2 cases of tri-incisional esophagectomy, 17 cases of transhiatal esophagectomy, and 148 cases of two-field esophagectomy (Ivor Lewis operation). Common hepatic artery lymph node dissection was performed in all cases, and none of the patients had metastasis. Mean follow-up period was 35.4 ± 28.7 months. In-hospital mortality was one, and 5-year survival rate was 80.6%. Among the 15 patients with recurrence, there were two distant metastases and five distant and local recurrences but no intra-abdominal recurrence with common hepatic artery lymph node. Common hepatic artery lymph node dissection may be safely omitted in surgery for clinical T1N0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma when preoperative evaluations including chest computed tomography, positron emission tomography and computed tomography, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy or endoscopic ultrasound are performed.

Methods: 2378 frames from 51 normal fetal cardiac screening movies at 18-20 weeks, were used as a training dataset for machine learning. 701 frames from 28 normal fetal cardiac screening movie used as test data. The movie included the hole images of fetal heart from stomach to base of heart. Correct positions of the heart and peripheral organs were annotated. The positions were following crux, ventricular septum, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, ascending aorta, superior vena cava, descending aorta, stomach spine, umbilical vein, inferior vena cava, pulmonary vein, ductus arteriosus. We calculated the accuracy of each parts of normal fetal heart ultrasound screening movie. Results: The recall ratio of crux, ventricular septum, left ventricle and atrium, right ventricle and atrium, ascending aorta, pulmonary artery, stmach and spine were 97.1%, 69.3%, 96.6% and 90.6%, 84.8% and 96.9%, 61.9%, 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: A novel system of machine learning automatically detected parts of normal fetal heart at high level. This system can provide us useful information of segmental diagnosis and be a great power for prenatal detection of CHD.