This trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing dietary fish oil with Schiz-

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of incorporating plant protein blend in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) diet on free amino acid (AA) concentration and the expression of genes related to peptide and AA transporters, key enzymes of AA metabolism and AA response (AAR) pathway. Fish were fed diets with fish meal (FM), or 400 g/kg FM replacement by plant protein blend for 9 weeks. Compared with the FM diet, PP40 diet did not affect plasma essential amino acid (EAA) concentration or AA metabolic enzymes gene in intestine, while it significantly upregulated all the detected peptide and neutral AA transporters gene. Results in muscle indicated that PP40 diet led to a great reduction of EAA concentrations and mRNA abundance of two kinds of AA transporters (SNAT2 and b 0,+ AT), while it greatly increased the gene expression of L-type and T-type AA transporters (LAT2 and TAT1) and the enzymes of AA catabolism (BCKDH-E2) and anabolism (asparagine synthetase). In addition, the expression of genes related to AAR pathway were all greatly stimulated by PP40 diet in muscle.Our results provide a molecular explanation for the change of tissues AA concentrations caused by plant protein in turbot, which maybe applicable for general carnivorous fish. K E Y W O R D Samino acid, amino acid response pathway, fish meal, metabolism, plan protein, transporter

The design and construction of antifouling sensing interfaces have been widely concerned due to the matrix effect of the complex environment and nonspecific adsorption at the electrode interface. However, it is challenging to ensure the long-term stability of an antifouling sensing interface during real sample detection. Herein, an interface construction strategy based on covalent bonds is proposed for striking enhancement of the long-term antifouling ability of a sensing interface based on a vertically ordered mesoporous silica film (VMSF) and a biobased antifouling materialchondroitin sulfate (CS). The covalent linkage of VMSF with CS (named VMSF-g-CS/GCE) could strengthen the long-term hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of VMSF/GCE. As expected, the VMSF-g-CS/GCE exhibited excellent long-term antifouling performances, which is a promising candidate sensing platform to be applied to long-term monitoring. Alternatively, the VMSF-g-CS/GCE exhibits a better enrichment effect to Cu2+ than VMSF/GCE and VMSF-CS/GCE (without covalent bonds). Therefore, VMSF-g-CS/GCE exhibited a current response toward Cu2+ within the scope of 0.1–0.8 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 20.58 nM. The proposed design strategy offers an idea for the precise regulation of antifouling sensing surfaces, and the resulting high-performance sensing platform is attractive for in situ detection of Cu2+.

The welfare and healthy growth of poultry under intensive feeding conditions are closely related to their living environment. In spring, the air quality considerably decreases due to reduced ventilation and aeration in cage systems, which influences the meat quality and health of broilers during normal growth stages. In this study, we analyzed the airborne bacterial communities in PM 2.5 and PM 10 in cage broiler houses at different broiler growth stages under intensive rearing conditions based on the high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing technique. Our results revealed that PM 2.5 , PM 10 and airborne microbes gradually increased during the broiler growth cycle in poultry houses. Some potential or opportunistic pathogens, including Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Microbacterium, etc., were found in the broiler houses at different growth stages. Our study evaluated variations in the microbial communities in PM 2.5 and PM 10 and potential opportunistic pathogens during the growth cycle of broilers in poultry houses in the spring. Our findings may provide a basis for developing technologies for air quality control in caged poultry houses.