The results of studying the effect of complex mineral fertilizers on the productivity of corn hybrids of different ripeness groups in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe are presented. The studies were carried out in 2019–2021 in the conditions of the experimental feld of the Scientifc and Production Center of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. The experiment studied 9 early, mid-early and mid-season corn hybrids (FAO 170–350) and 4 levels of fertilizers: no fertilizers, N60P60K60, N60P60K60 + Plantonit Frumentum (1 l/ha), N60P60K60 + Plantonit Grain (1 l/ha). It was found that all the studied hybrids had high parameters of the grain mass from the kernel and the mass of 1000 grains when using N60P60K60 + Plantonit Frumentum. There was no signifcant difference in the elements of the yield structure when using N60P60K60 + Plantonit Frumentum and N60P60K60 + Plantonit Grain. The maximum grain yield was provided by mid-season hybrids Carifols and LG30352 on the variant N60P60K60 + Plantonit Frumentum – 8.21 and 7.84 t/ha. When N60P60K60 + Plantonit Grain was applied, the yield was 8.16 and 7.81 t/ha. The grain yield of the hybrids of the early maturing group was 5.82 t/ha, the medium-early – 6.71 t/ha, and the mid-season – 7.35 t/ha. Among the hybrids of the early-maturing group, the most productive was LG30189 (4.75–6.63 t/ha), in the medium-early group – P8409 (5.29–7.61 t/ha), in the mid-season group – Carifols (6.04–8.21 t/ha). Due to the use of complex mineral fertilizers Plantonit Frumentum and Plantonit Grain, the productivity of the crop increased by an average of 6.0 and 5.4 % compared to the application of only N60P60K60. When N60P60K60 + Plantonit Grain was applied, early-maturing hybrids increased grain yield by 1.76 t/ha, medium-early by 2.11 t/ha, mid-season by 1.96 t/ha compared to the variant without fertilizers. At the same time, the greatest increase yield was observed in medium-early and mid-season hybrids (1.48–2.32 t/ha). The effect of mineral fertilizers on the moisture content of corn grain has not been established, and this indicator depended on the biological characteristics of the studied hybrids. Key words: corn, grain, hybrid, mineral fertilizers, productivity, foliar feeding.

In 2017–2019, the nature of the inheritance of ear length in F1 and transgressive variability in F2 populations obtained by hybridization of soft winter wheat varieties with different maturity were studied. It was found that in most combinations of crossbreeding, inheritance of ear length had a positive overdominance (hp = 1.1–39.0). A positive hypothetical heterosis was determined in early-maturing varieties in the maternal form, with the exception of the Kolchuga / Chornyava combination, by the length of the main ear (Ht = 3.6–44.8 %). a positive true heterosis (Hbt=1,1–32.9 %) was found in 15 of 20 hybrids. During the hybridization of medium-early, medium-ripe and medium-late varieties, all hybrids showed a positive hypothetical heterosis and 19 of 22 combinations had positive true heterosis. A significant influence of hybridization components on the indicators of the phenotypic dominance degree, hypothetical and true heterosis was established. Most of the F2 populations significantly exceeded the parental components of hybridization by the extreme maximum indexes of the main ear length, which indicates a significant shaping process and the possibility of selection on the basis of the studied trait. The maximum length of the main ear (10.3–12.1) was formed by most populations in which the maternal forms were varieties Kolchuga and Chornyava, as well as combinations Zolotokolos / Chornyava, Zolotokolosa / Stolychna and Yednist / Vidrada. The extreme maximum values reached 13.0–15.0 cm. In 36 of the 42 F2 populations, a positive degree and frequency of transgressions by the length of the main ear were determined, and their indexes largely depended on the pairs selection for hybridization. The highest degree of positive transgression was observed in the population Yednist / Vidrada (44.4 %) with a recombinant frequency of 86.7 %. Populations were characterized by a high degree and frequency of positive transgressions: Kolchuga / Yednist; Myronivska early / Antonivka; Myronivska early / Vdala; Zolotokolosa / Vidrada; Dobirna / Pyvna; Zolotokolosa / Stolychna; Zolotokolosa / Shchedra nyva; Myronivska early / Yednist; Myronivska early / Zolotokolosa; Myronivska early / B.Ts. n / a. Key words: soft winter wheat, maturity of varieties, combinations of crossbreeding, inheritance, hybrids, ear length, hypothetical and true heterosis, degree of phenotypic dominance, F2 populations, degree and frequency of transgressions.

The article presents the results of research on the use of alfalfa cultivar Zaykevych mineral fertilizer Lyubofos NPK (Ca, S) 4-12-12-(5-20) at different times and application rates. The purpose of the research. Recently in Ukraine little attention has been paid to fodder plants and alfalfa blue. In connection with the changing requirements for the fertilizer system and the emergence of new complex fertilizers in Ukraine, it was decided to investigate the impact of terms and rates scientific production center BNAU of application of mineral fertilizer Lyubofos on the productivity of green mass of alfalfa variety Zaykevych obliquely during the growing season. Research methods: field, laboratory, comparative, analysis, generalization, mathematical and statistical. Results. Comparing the data of average daily temperatures and precipitation, we can conclude that the duration of the growing season between mowings of alfalfa was greatly influenced by air temperature. The use of Lyubofos fertilizer has a positive effect on the yield of alfalfa green mass. As the doses of fertilizer increase, so does the yield. With the application of 200 kg/ha in the physical mass of Lyubofos, the increase compared to the control without fertilizers is 30 %, and the application of 400 kg/ha increases the yield by 67 %. It was found that early spring feeding of alfalfa plants Lyubofosis more effective than autumn. The best yield result is 119.4 t/ha or +225 % to control, for application in autumn and spring at 400 kg/ha f. m. Lyubofos, N32P96K96(Ca40, S160). Analysis of yield between mowing’s shows that alfalfa provides the highest yield of green mass in the first (36.5 %) and second (39.8 %) mowing’s and significantly lower in the third (23.7 %). Conclusions: According to three-year studies of alfalfa cultivation in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the best option for one-time use of Lyubofos mineral fertilizer is its spring application at the rate of 400 kg / ha, or N16P48K48 (Ca20, S80). This ensured a yield of 88.8 t / ha over the years of use. The survival of alfalfa plants during the study period increased by 47.1 % compared to the control. With separate use of Lyubofos fertilizer, the best option was to apply 400 kg / ha in autumn and spring, which amounted to N32P96K96(Ca40, S160). The survival of plants under control in this variant is the highest 47.2 %, and the yield in the amount for 2020-2021 was 119.4 t/ha. Keywords: alfalfa, mineral fertilizer, norms and terms of application, yield of green mass.

The studies conducted in the contrastive by their hydrothermal conditions 2019–2020 examined F 2 hybrid populations created by crossing different early ripening varieties of soft winter wheat. Most of F 2 populations used in various crossbreeding schemes of early ripening, middle-early, medium-ripening, and middle-late varieties for both average number of grains in the ear and its maximum manifestation, signifcantly exceeded the original forms and characterized by signifcant formation. The obtained results indicate a signifcant influence of the selected pairs for hybridization and hydrothermal conditions of the year on the formation of the number of grains in F2 populations of soft winter wheat. However, hybrid populations with early ripening varieties as the maternal form are less susceptible to adverse hydrothermal conditions. The research results give ground for defning hybrid populations, which had less than the average number of grains in the ear for F 2 in the most contrastive hydrothermal conditions and were characterized by high rates and frequency of positive transgressions, namely: Myronivska early / B.Ts. semidwarf; Myronivska early / Zolotokosa.; Myronivska early / Chorniava; Kolchuga / Stolychna; Myronivska early / Vdala; Shchedra nyva / Vidrada; Antonivka / Stolychna. The identifed correlations between the degree of phenotypic dominance in F1 and the degree and frequency of positive transgressions indicate an insignifcantly weak direct to inverse relationship between these indicators. At a reliable level, in the years of research, a strong (r = 0.774…0.893) correlation was found with the degree of positive transgressions and the frequency of recombinants. Key words: degree and frequency of transgression, soft winter wheat, maturity groups, parental forms, variability, number of grains of the main ear, population F2, degree of phenotypic dominance.

The peculiarities of inheritance of productive bushes in F1, obtained by cross-breeding of different cultivars of soft winter wheat were studied in the conditions of the experimental feld of the Research and Production center of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University in 2018–2020 contrasting in the hydrothermal conditions. During the research years, the productive bushiness of selected parental forms for hybridization had a signifcant differentiation of 1.1–2.2 pieces of stem/plant. The varieties formed maximum average productive bushiness (1.7 pcs. stalk/plant) in 2020, and in 2018–2019 the indicator was at the level of 1.5 pcs. stalk/plant. Research has shown that winter wheat productive bushiness is a genetically controlled trait and is highly susceptible to the conditions of the year. The vast majority of hybrids produced in 2018– 2020 signifcantly exceeded the original forms for productive bushing (2.3–7.6 pcs. stalk/plant). The maximum F1 index (4.7 pcs. stalk/plant) was formed in 2019. Under 2018 conditions, the productive bushiness represented 4.1 pcs. In 2018 conditions, the productive bushiness represented 4.1 pcs. stalk/ plant. The minimum productive bushes of 2.8 pcs. stalk/ plant in the hybrid crop were formed in 2020. The results show that the productive bushiness F1 depends on the components of hybridization and the conditions of the year. Positive hypothetical and true heterosis for three years are determined in 34 and 32 of 36 combinations of hybridization, respectively. Stable high hypothetical (307.7–105.4 %) and true (278.6–100.0 %) heterosis, for 2018–2020, was in Bilotserkivska semi-dwarf / Zolotokolosa, Bilotserkivska semi-dwarf / Chornyava, Bilotserkivska semi-dwarf / Vidrada, Zolotokolosa / Chornyava, Zolotokolosa / Vidrada. Studies have found that positive overdominance is the most common type of inheritance of productive bushiness in 2018–2020 observed in 95.1 % of hybrids. However, indicators of phenotypic dominance of productive bushiness in the research years are determined by selected components of hybridization and the conditions of the year. The experimental data indicate that the crossbreeding of soft winter wheat varieties that differ in early maturity of parental forms of made it possible to isolate hybrids, which in contrasting hydrothermal conditions for the growing season years have formed stable high manifestations of productive bushiness. Key words: soft winter wheat, parental forms, hybrids, productive bushiness, hypothetical and true heterosis, degree of phenotypic dominance, type of inheritance.