The present investigation was carried out at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, during two winter seasons of 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 to evalute the effect of foliar application of some organic extracts (potassium humate& fulvate, compost tea) and ascorbic acid on the growth of wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Gemmeiza 9 with speial stress on its uptake of NPK and productivity. Ascorbic acid was added at the rate of 1g L-1 , while either potassium humate or fulvate at rate of 10% K 2 O whereas the compost tea at rate of 5 cm l-1 (300L fed-1 .). Such organic extracts and ascorbic acid were added as a foliar spray on wheat plant in two equal split portion at dressing and panicle period initiation (35 and 50 days from planting), respectively. The experiment was arranged in one factor randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results indicate that the spike number/m 2 , grain number & weight /spike and 1000 grain weight (g) as well as grain, straw and biological wheat yield were improved significantly by using either potassium humate or fulvate as compared with control, but it remarked that there is no effect of organic extracts and ascorbic acid on plant height (cm). In this concern, it was remarked that foliar application of organic extracts significantly increased the uptake of NPK in grain with a marked superiority for potassium fulvate than other treatment which gave the highest mean values. In other words, spraying potassium fulvate were more effective on the uptake NPK of wheat grain as compared with control treatment in both seasons. Moreover in cease was observed for NPK uptake by grain with spraying of potassium humate. The results also indicated that spraying either potassium humate or fulvate gave the highest significant values of NPK uptake of wheat straw and biological yields. The same tendency was obtained by foliar application of compost tea in both ones, with a little inferiority on other two treatments. So, based on the above results, it is recommended that applying some organic extracts such as potassium fulvate or humate is essential to obtain acceptable wheat yield under similar conditions.

Background: Heavy metal contamination of water resources has been identified as one of the most serious environmental issues. Chemical modification of hydrophobic polymer matrices is another approach for changing their surface properties for water treatment. The addition of nanoparticles to polymers alters surface characteristics such as adsorption capacity, adhesion, catalytic ability, and wettability to heavy metals in wastewater. Objective: Evaluation of the nanomodified polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer as a heavy metal adsorbent from wastewater. Methods: In the field of emission discharges from industries and domestic wastes that contain unknown inorganic pollutants by PVC using grafting chitosan/TiO2 nanocomposites. The characterization of different thin films was performed using TEM, XRD, and FTIR. The metals concentrations were measured by using inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). Results: Nanomodification of PVC was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy. The presence of chlorine in the PVC structure before and after the nanomodification is confirmed by the presence of a peak at 690 cm−1 attributed to the axial deformation of the C-Cl bond. The nanomodified PVC showed an ion exchange capacity of 1.27 mmol−1, and efficiently removed the heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The heavy metal removal effectiveness (R) was improved by increasing the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles. The amount adsorbed per gram of adsorbent (Qe) was computed and revealed that the amount of adsorption increased for nanomodified PVC thin film as compared to 100% PVC thin film. The nanomodified PVC thin film showed high stability for 4 cycles of use. This improvement has been attributed to the nanomodified PVC polymer's large surface area (ranging from 0.3 to 282 m2/g). Conclusion: The modification of PVC with nanoparticles increases the cost of PVC thin film by 15%. However, it offers efficiency 3 times than the original PVC.

To assess water quality of Qarun lake, forty-six of lake water samples were collected during the period from 2014 to 2015. Value of pH of Qarun lake ranged from 8.22 to 8.32. Value of alkalinity ranged from 9.8 to 33.4 ppm. ECw values ranged from 26.5 to 40.99 dS.m -1 . Qarun lake contained the soluble cations in the following order: Na +

Application of urea to agricultural soil may pollute the air environment due to ammonia (NH3) volatilization. Zeolite, Humate, biocher and biofertilizer may be used to control N losses resulting from urea transformation to NH3. A laboratory soil incubation experiment was conducted to determine the effects of zeolite, K-humate, biocher and biofertilizer on controlling NH3 losses out of applied urea. Calcareous soil sample from El-Nobaria area, Beheira Governorate was treated with different amendments and incubated under laboratory condition for 13 weeks. Results obtained showed that soil treated with urea in the presence of different amendments significantly reduced NH3 release from urea as compared to the control. During the first 80 days of the incubation ammonia losses were highest in control compared to soil treated with the different amendments. Biocher treatment showed the highest effect in reducing ammonia volatilization from calcareous soil. Therefore, treating calcareous soil with biocher and biofertilizer can decrease were losses as ammonia and increase nitrogen availability in soil, and hence reduces air pollution by ammonia.

Nitrogen loss by leaching is considered a major problem, particularly under higher N requirement. Consequently, a study was conducted to determine the effect of decreasing rates of inorganic nitrogen and irrigation scheduling on distribution of both chemically available soil nitrogen and soil moisture content as well as grains yield of corn. To test this assumption, corn (Zea mays, variety single hybrid 10) was selected and four nitrogen treatments were applied at EL-Khatatba area, El-Monofia, Egypt: (a) Control, 100 kg N/ fed as (NH4 NO3, 33% N), (b) 80 kg N/fed + compost, (c) 70 kg N/fed + compost and (d) 60 kg N/fed + compost. The compost added to the soil at the rate of 2 %. As well as three drip irrigation scheduling were applied with fixed total applied water amounts: (1) daily irrigation, (2) three days intervals (every second day) and (3) two days intervals (every third days) with 4L/h emitters. Chemically available nitrogen and soil water content in the intervals soil depths (0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm) as well as nitrogen content in plants and grains yield were determined. The results indicate that the root zone was contain higher moisture with application of daily and two days intervals irrigation treatments compared to three days intervals. Application of three days intervals increased water content with the increasing soil depth especially with increasing time of experiment. High amounts of nitrogen were existing in the upper layer (0-30 cm) of the soil and it decreased gradually by going deeper to reach (at 60-90 cm). The total cumulative amounts of nitrogen from 0-60-cm depth were sufficient level with different treatments. The available nitrogen was 290, 283, 243 and 202 mg/Kg soil with application of 100 kg N/fed, (80 kg N /fed + compost), (70 kg N/fed +compost) and (60 kg N/fed +compost) at flowering stage, respectively.